In order to realize the rapid preparation of structural colors on the paper surface, and study the effect of different assembly conditions on the color rendering effect of SiO₂ structural color coatings, a rapid coating method to prepare a large area of structural color coating on paper substrates was reported, which has the characteristics of changing color with different a angle. In this article, the effects of SiO₂ microsphere particle size, dispersion concentration and coating times on the optical properties of structural color coatings were discussed. By optimizing the self-assembly conditions and analyzing the type of periodic structure construction, the self-assembly process of the SiO₂ microspheres constructed by the rapid coating method on the laser marking paper and the mechanism of the structural color rendering was clarified. The digital cameras and 3D laser confocal topography measuring microscopes were used to measure the color appearance and microstructure of the samples. The X-Rite MA68Ⅱ multi-angle spectrophotometer and optical fiber spectrometer were used to measure the reflection spectrum, and then the optical properties of the prepared structural color coatings were analyzed with CIEL^*A^*B^* chromaticity values. The results showed that the particle size of the SiO₂ microspheres has a significant effect on the color tone of the samples. As the diameter of the microsphere increases, the center wavelength of the reflection spectrum red shifted. The coating films were angle dependent. When the incident angle was 45°, as the angle between the detection direction and the mirror reflection direction increased, the center wavelength red shifted. The concentration of the microsphere solution can adjust the half-height width and peak reflectance of the structural color coating, which in turn affects the brightness and saturation of the sample, but has no obvious effect on the position of the photonic band gap. When the concentration of microspheres was 4%, the surface of the sample showed the black color of the substrate. When the concentration of microspheres was 8%, the different structural colors of blue, green and yellow with lower chroma were adjusted by changing the diameters of SiO₂ from 200, 220 to 250 nm. When the concentration of microspheres was increased to 10%, the chroma of the structural color coating on the paper surface was improved, but the hue was unchanged. As the number of coatings increases, the half-height width of the reflection spectrum curve narrowed, and the reflection peak blue shifted. When the coating frequency reached 3 times, the peak wavelength of the reflectance was closest to the theoretical value calculated according to Bragg's law. However, the increase in the number of coatings caused white unevenness on the surface of the structural color coating.