[1] Gapontsev V P, Mtisin S M, Isineev A A et al.. Erbium glass lasers and theit applications. Opt. & Laser Teehnol., 1982, 14(4):189～196
[2] Taccheo S, Laporta P, Longhi Set al.. Diode-pmped bulk erbium-ytterbium lasers. Appl. Phys. (B), 1996, 66 (5) :425～436
[3] Ohtsuki T, Peyghambarian N, Honkanen S et al.. Gain characteristics of a high concentration Er3+-doped phosphate glass waveguide. J. Appl. Phys., 1995, 78(6)..3617～3621
[4] Jiang S, Myers M J, Peyghambarian N. Er3+ doped phosphate glasses and laser. J. Non-Crryst. Solids, 1998, 239 (1～3):143～148
[5] Ohtsuki T, Hongkanen S, Najafi S I et al.. Cooperative upconversion effects on the performance of Er3+-doped phosphate glass waveguide amplifiers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. (B), 1997, 14(7)..1838～1845
[6] Hwang B C, Jiang S, Luo T et al.. Characterization of cooperative upconversion and energy transfer of Er3+ and Yb3+/Er3+ doped phosphate glasses. Proc SPIE, 1999, 3622:10～18
[7] Laporta P, Taccheo S, Longhi Set al.. Diode-pumped microchip Er-Yb..glass laser. Opt. Lett., 1993, 18(15): 1232～1234
[8] MacFarlane D R, Javorniczky J, Newman P J et al.. High Er( Ⅲ ) content ZBN glasses for microchip laser applications. J, Non-Cryst. Solids, 1997, 213＆214(1～3):158～163
[10] Quimby R S, Miniscalco W J, Thompson B A. Excited-state absorption at 0. 98 μm in crbium-doped glass. Proc SPIE, 1991, 1581:72～79
[11] McCumber D E. Theory of phonon-terminated optical masers. Phys. Rev. (A), 1964, 134(2):299～306
[12] Miniscalco W J, Quimby R S. General procedure for the analysis of Er3+ cross sections. Opt. Lett., 1991, 16 (4) : 258～260
[13] Yoshiaki M. Erbium- and Neodymium-doped fluoride glass fiber lasers and amplifiers. Proc SPIE, 1991, 1581: 304～315
[14] Zou Xuelu, Izumitani T. Fluorescence mechanisms and dynamics of Tm3+ singly doped and Yb3+, Tm3+ double doped g lasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1993, 162(1～2):58～67
[16] Soga K, Tsuda M, Sakuragi S. Effects of chloride introduction on the optical properties and the upconversion emission with 980-nm excitation of Er3+ in ZBLAN fluoride glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1997, 222(1～3):272～281
[17] Kushida T. Energy transfer and cooperative transition in rare earth doped inorganic material. I. Transition probability calculation. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1973, 34(5):1318～1326
[18] Wagener J L, Wagener P F, Wysocki P F et al.. Effect of concentration and dusters in erbium-doped fiber lasers. Opt. Lett., 1993, 13(23):2014～2017
[19] Arai K, Namikawa H, Kumata K et al.. Aluminum or phosphorus co-doping effects on the fluorescence and structural properties of neodymiun-doped silica glass. J. Appl. Phys., 1986, 5g(6):3430～3036
