Improving the wear resistance of road concrete is beneficial to driving safety and road service life. In this study, the wear resistance of concrete was improved by optimizing particle packing of aggregate. The effects of coarse aggregate gradation, type of fine aggregate, sand ratio, amount of cementitious material, and water-to-cementitious material ratio on the mechanical properties and wear resistance of road concrete were investigated herein. The results show that the wear loss of concrete reduces by 29% when the mass fraction of coarse aggregate with diameter of 16~31.5 mm increases from 25% to 70%. The wear loss of concrete with manufactured sand reduces by 58.3% compared with that with river sand. Higher wear resistance of concrete is achieved by using higher sand ratio. Moreover, reducing the amount of cementitious material and water-to-cementitious material ratio rationally are effective ways to improve the strength and wear resistance of concrete (the abrasion loss is low as (0.320±0.070) kg/m2). The enhancement of bonding between manufactured aggregates and cement paste, which can be attributed to the rough surface and angular of manufactured aggregates, is beneficial to the formation of stable interlocking skeleton. The present investigation provides theoretical foundation and technical support for design and optimization of high wear resistance road concrete.