In vivo assessment of structural changes of the urethra in lower urinary tract disease using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography

Elena B. Kiseleva; Alexan-der A. Moiseev; Anton S. Kuyarov; Muhammat A. Molvi; Grigory V. Gelikonov; Anna V. Maslennikova; Olga S. Streltsova

doi:10.1142/s1793545820500248

[1] S. T. Cho, "Is urethral pain syndrome really part of bladder pain syndrome?," Urogenit. Tract Infect. 12(1), 22–27 (2017).

[2] D. Engeler, A. P. Baranowski, J. Borovicka, A. M. Cottrell, P. Dinis-Oliveira, S. Elneil, J. Hughes, E. J. Messelink, A. C. de C. Williams, "EAU guidelines on chronic pelvic pain," Eur. Assoc. Urol. 2018, 1–82 (2018).

[3] M. Origoni, U. L. R. Maggiore, S. Salvatore, M. Candiani, "Neurobiological mechanisms of pelvic pain," BioMed Res. Int. 2014(903848), 1–9 (2009).

[4] K. M. Hellman, I. Y. Patanwala, K. E. Pozolo, F. F. Tu, "Multimodal nociceptive mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain," Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 213(6), 827.e1–9 (2015).

[5] A. Yosef, A. G. Ahmed, T. Al-Hussaini, M. S. Abdell, G. Cua, M. A. Bedaiwy, "Chronic pelvic pain: Pathogenesis and validated assessment," Middle East Fertil. Soc. J. 21(4), 205–221 (2016).

[6] Y. S. Cho, "Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: A urologic mystery," Int. Neurourol. J. 20(1), 3–4 (2016).

[7] S. K. Keay, L. A. Birder, T. C. Chai, "Evidence for bladder urothelial pathophysiology in functional bladder disorders," Biomed. Res. Int. 2014, 865463 (2014).

[8] C. R. Anderstrom, M. Fall, S. L. Johansson, "Scanning electron microscopic findings in interstitial cystitis," Br. J. Urol. 63(3), 270–275 (1989).

[9] V. B. Lokeshwar, M. G. Selzer, W. H. Cerwinka, M. F. L. Gomez, R. R. Kester, D. E. Bejany, A. E. Gousse, "Urinary uronate and sulfated glycosaminoglycan levels: Markers for interstitial cystitis severity," J. Urol. 174(1), 344–349 (2005).

[10] C. L. Parsons, J. D. Lilly, P. Stein, "Epithelial dysfunction in nonbacterial cystitis (interstitial cystitis)," J. Urol. 145(4), 732–735 (1991).

[11] V. Sanchez-Freire, Maxime G. Blanchard, Fiona C. Burkhard, Thomas M. Kessler, S. Kellenberger, K. Monastyrskaya, "Acid-sensing channels in human bladder: Expression, function and alterations during bladder pain syndrome," J. Urol. 186(4), 1509–1516 (2011).

[12] L. Hang, B. Wullt, Z. Shen, D. Karpman, C. Svanborg, "Cytokine repertoire of epithelial cells lining the human urinary tract," J. Urol. 159(6), 2185– 2192 (1998).

[13] C. L. Parsons, S. L. Bautista, P. C. Stein, P. Zupkas, "Cyto-injury factors in urine: A possible mechanism for the development of interstitial cystitis," J. Urol. 164(4), 1381–1384 (2000).

[14] S. Grover, A. Srivastava, R. Lee, A. K. Tewari, A. E. Te, "Role of inflammation in bladder function and interstitial cystitis," Ther. Adv. Urol. 3(1), 19–33 (2011).

[15] K.-E. Andersson, D. B. Boedtkjer, A. Forman, "The link between vascular dysfunction, bladder ischemia, and aging bladder dysfunction," Ther. Adv. Urol. 9(1), 11–27 (2017).

[16] M. Sunagawa, A. Wolf-Johnston, M. Nomiya, N. Sawada, K.-E. Andersson, T. Hisamitsu, L. A. Birder, "Urinary bladder mucosal responses to ischemia," World J. Urol. 33(2), 275–280 (2015).

[17] M. A. Pontari, P. M. Hanno, M. R. Ruggieri, "Comparison of bladder blood flow in patients with and without interstitial cystitis," J. Urol. 162(2), 330–334 (1999).

[18] J.-F. Jhang, H.-C. Kuo, "Novel treatment of chronic bladder pain syndrome and other pelvic pain disorders by onabotulinumtoxina injection, Toxins 7(6), 2232–2250 (2015).

[19] A. Kawashima, C. M. Sandler, N. F. Wasserman, A. J. LeRoy, B. F. King, S. M. Goldman, "Imaging of urethral disease: A pictorial review," RG. 24(suppl 1), s195–s216 (2004).

[20] J. E. Freund, M. Buijs, C. D. Savci-Heijink, D. M. de Bruin, J. J. M. C. H. de la Rosette, T. G. van Leeuwen, M. P. Laguna, "Optical coherence tomography in urologic oncology: A comprehensive review, SN Compr. Clin. Med. 1, 67–84 (2019).

[21] H. W. Wang, Y. Chen, "Clinical applications of optical coherence tomography in urology," Intravital. 3(1), e28770 (2014).

[22] W. Li, B. F. Narice, D. O. Anumba, S. J. Matcher, "Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography with a conical beam scan for the investigation of birefringence and collagen alignment in the human cervix," Biomed. Opt. Express 10(8), 4190–4206 (2019).

[23] E. B. Kiseleva, E. V. Gubarkova, V. V. Dudenkova, P. S. Timashev, S. L. Kotova, L. B. Timofeeva, M. Yu. Kirillin, G. V. Belkova, A. B. Solov'eva, O. S. Strel'tsova, N. D. Gladkova, "Complementary study of collagen state in bladder diseases using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography, nonlinear and atomic force microscopy," STM. 9(1), 7–18 (2017).

[24] E. B. Kiseleva, M. Yu. Kirillin, F. I. Feldchtein, I. A. Vitkin, E. A. Sergeeva, E. V. Zagaynova, O. S. Streltzova, B. E. Shakhov, E. V. Gubarkova, N. D. Gladkova, "Differential diagnosis of human bladder mucosa pathologies in vivo with cross-polarization optical coherence tomography," Biomed. Opt. Express 6(4), 1464–1476 (2015).

[25] P. P. Dangle, K. K. Shah, B. Ka?enberger, V. R. Patel, "The use of high resolution optical coherence tomography to evaluate robotic radical prostatectomy specimens," Int. Braz. J. Urol. 35(3), 344–353 (2009).

[26] M. T. Bus, B. G. Muller, D. M. de Bruin, D. J. Faber, G. M. Kamphuis, van T. G. Leeuwen, T. M. de Reijke, J. J. de la Rosette, "Volumetric in vivo visualization of upper urinary tract tumors using optical coherence tomography: A pilot study," J. Urol. 190, 2236–2242 (2013).

[27] F. I. Feldchtein, G. V. Gelikonov, V. M. Gelikonov, R. V. Kuranov, A. M. Sergeev, N. D. Gladkova, A. V. Shakhov, N. M. Shakhova, L. B. Snopova, A. B. Terent'eva, E. V. Zagainova, Y. P. Chumakov, I. A. Kuznetzova, "Endoscopic applications of optical coherence tomography." Opt. Express 3(6), 257–270 (1998).

[28] E. Zagaynova, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, "Endoscopic OCT with forward-looking probe: Clinical studies in urology and gastroenterology," J. Biophot. 1(2), 114–128 (2008).

[29] F. Feldchtein, J. Bush, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, S. Piyevsky, "Cost effective, all-fiber autocorrelator based 1300nm OCT system," Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging (Proceedings of SPIE, 2005), pp. 349–355.

[30] V. M. Gelikonov, G. V. Gelikonov, "Fibreoptic methods of cross-polarisation optical coherence tomography for endoscopic studies" IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(7), 634–640 (2008).

[31] V. Y. Zaitsev, V. M. Gelikonov, L. A. Matveev, G. V. Gelikonov, A. L. Matveyev, P. A. Shilyagin, I. A. Vitkin, "Recent trends in multimodal optical coherence tomography. I. Polarization-sensitive oct and conventional approaches to OCT elastography," Radiophys. Quant. Electron. 57(1), 52–66 (2014).

[32] V. M. Gelikonov, V. N. Romashov, D. V. Shabanov, S. Y. Ksenofontov, D. A. Terpelov, P. A. Shilyagin, G. V. Gelikonov, I. A. Vitkin, "Cross-polarization optical coherence tomography with active maintenance of the circular polarization of a sounding wave in a common path system," Radiophys. Quant. Electron. 60(11), 897–911 (2018).

[33] V. M. Gelikonov, G. V. Gelikonov, "New approach to cross-polarized optical coherence tomography based on orthogonal arbitrarily polarized modes," Laser Phys. Lett. 3(9), 445–451 (2006).

[34] S. X. Zhang, An Atlas of Histology, p. 426, Springer Science & Business Media (1999).

[35] P. E. Shrout, J. L. Fleiss, "Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability," Psychol. Bull. 86(2), 420–428 (1979).

[36] M. L. McHugh, "Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic," Biochem. Med. 22(3), 276–282 (2012).

[37] T. K. Koo, M. Y. Li, "A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research," J. Chirop. Med. 15(2), 155–163 (2016).

[38] P. Abrams, L. Cardozo, M. Fall, D. Griffiths, P. Rosier, U. Ulmsten, P. van Kerrebroeck, A. Victor, A. Wein, "The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the Standardisation Subcommitte of the International Continence Society," Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 187(1), 116–126 (2002).

[39] R. S. Kaplinsky, K. Praniko?, S. Chasan, J. L. DeBerry, "Indications for urethroscopy in male patients with penile condylomata," J. Urol. 153(4), 1120–1121 (1995).

[40] F. R. Oliveira, J. G. L. Ramos, S. Martins-Costa, "Translabial ultrasonography in the assessment of urethral diameter and intrinsic urethral sphincter deficiency," J. Ultrasound Med. 25(9), 1153–1158 (2006).

[41] P. Sivyer, "Pelvic ultrasound in women," World J Surg. 24(2), 188–197 (2000).

[42] R. Pregazzi, A. Sartore, P. Bortoli, E. Grimaldi, L. Troiano, S. Guaschino, "Perineal ultrasound evaluation of urethral angle and bladder neck mobility in women with stress urinary incontinence," BJOG: Int. J. Obstet. Gyneacol. 109(7), 821–827 (2002).

[43] G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, J. F. Southern, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical biopsy in human urologic tissue using optical coherence tomography," J. Urol. 157(5), 1915–1919 (1997).

[44] A. V. D'Amico, M. Weinstein, X. Li, J. P. Richie, J. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography as a method for identifying benign and malignant microscopic structures in the prostate gland," Urology 55(5), 783–787 (2000).

[45] S. A. Boppart, J. M. Herrmann, C. Pitris, D. L. Stamper, M. E. Brezinski, J. G. Fujimoto, "Realtime optical coherence tomography for minimally invasive imaging of prostate ablation," Comput. Aided. Surg. 6(2), 94–103 (2001).

[46] E. V. Zagaynova, N. D. Gladkova, O. S. Streltsova, G. V. Gelikonov, N. Tresser, F. I. Feldchtein, M. J. Manyak, N. M. Shakhova, "Optical Coherence Tomography in urology" Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, Chapter 40, W. Drexler, J. G. Fujimoto, Eds., pp. 1241–1268, Springer, 2008.

[47] B. G. Muller, R. A. A. van Kollenburg, A. Swaan, E. C. H. Zwartkruis, M. J. Brandt, L. S. Wilk, M. Almasian, A. W. Schreurs, D. J. Faber, L. R. Rozendaal, A. N. Vis, J. A. Nieuwenhuijzen, J. R. J. A. van Moorselaar, J. J. M. C. H. de la Rosette, D. M. de Bruin, T. G. van Leeuwen, "Needle-based optical coherence tomography for the detection of prostate cancer: A visual and quantitative analysis in 20 patients," J. Biomed. Opt. 23(8), 086001 (2018).

[48] N. Gladkova, E. Kiseleva, O. Streltsova, N. Prodanets, L. Snopova,M. Karabut, E. Gubarkova, E. Zagaynova, "Combined use of fluorescence cystoscopy and crosspolarization OCT for diagnosis of bladder cancer and correlation with immunohistochemical marker," J. Biophot. 6(9), 687–698 (2013).

[49] E. B. Kiseleva, N. D. Gladkova, O. S. Streltzova, M. Yu. Kirillin, A. V. Maslennikova, V. V. Dudenkova, K. E. Yunusova, E. A. Sergeeva, "Cross-polarization OCT for in vivo diagnostics and prediction of bladder cancer," Chapter 3, In: Bladder Cancer - Management of NMI and Muscle Invasive Cancer, Chapter 3, M. Ather, Ed., pp. 43–61, In Tech (2017).

[50] O. S. Streltzova, E. B. Kiseleva, M. A. Molvi, V. F. Lazukin, "Cross-polarization OCT study of the urethra in patients with urethral pain syndrome," Clinical Biophotonics Workshop The VII International Symp. TPB–2019, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 267–268 (2019).

[51] A. Meller, M. Shakhova, Y. Rilkin, A. Novozhilov, M. Kirillin, A. Shakhov, "Optical coherence tomography in diagnosing inflammatory diseases of ENT," Photon. Lasers Med. 3(4), 323–330 (2014).

[52] Y. Pan, J. P. Lavelle, S. I. Bastacky, S. Meyers, G. Pirtskhalaishvili, M. L. Zeidel, D. L. Farkas, "Detection of tumorigenesis in rat bladders with optical coherence tomography," Med Phys. 28(12), 2432–2440 (2001).

[53] C. L. Parsons, "The role of a leaky epithelium and potassium in the generation of bladder symptoms in interstitial cystitis/overactive bladder, urethral syndrome, prostatitis and gynaecological chronic pelvic pain," BJU Int. 107(3), 370–375 (2011).

[54] H. Chung, "The association between chronic inflammation and recurrent cystitis in women," Urogenit. Tract Infect. 11(3), 86–92 (2016).

[55] G. R. Sant, D. Kempuraj, J. E. Marchand, T. C. Theoharides, "The mast cell in interstitial cystitis: Role in pathophysiology and pathogenesis," Urology. 69(4 Suppl), 34–40 (2007).

[56] S. S. F. Yip, Y. Liu, C. Parmar, Q. Li, S. Liu, F. Qu, Z. Ye, R. J. Gillies, H. J. W. L. Aerts, "Associations between radiologist-defined semantic and automatically computed radiomic features in non-small cell lung cancer," Sci. Rep. 7, 3519 (2017).

[57] S. Chicklore, V. Goh, M. Siddique, A. Roy, P. K. Marsden, G. J. R. Cook, "Quantifying tumour heterogeneity in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging by texture analysis," Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 40(1), 133–140 (2013).

[58] R. J. Gillies, P. E. Kinahan, H. Hricak, "Radiomics: Images are more than pictures, they are data," Radiology 278(2), 563–577 (2016).