Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy based on adaptive optics (AO) aberration correction technology is the recent research focus, and provides powerful support in early diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases. A highspeed compact adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) is built by employing deformable mirrors and Shack- Hartmann wavefront sensors, with 350 mm × 400 mm system size and 40 fps frame rate of image collection. The system resolution measurement and human retinal imaging experiments are carried out respectively, and the results indicate that the real resolution in human retina of this system is 2.50 μm, close to the diffraction limit resolution which is 2.32 μm, and the system can be used to image the retina at cell level. Meanwhile, the experimental results show that the adaptive optics system can correct aberration of human eyes, image quality is significantly improved after AO, and the retinal blood vessels near optic disc and retina cones in fovea region for human eyes are observed clearly.