The progress of laser self-mixing technology is reviewed. Theory and recent research in the microscopic technology based on laser self-mixing interference effect is introduced. The experimental system of the self-mixing interference with He-Ne laser is established and satisfying power stability of the system is obtained. The microscope based on the laser self-mixing technology is investigated. The design, structure, adjustment and experimental result of laser self-mixing microscopic system is given. Finally the profile of the micro-ball made of glass is three-dimensionally imaged. The lateral resolution is 1 μm and longitudiual resolution is 15 nm. It's proved that the microscope based on laser self-mixing interference effect has great potential in the field of high-resolution imaging on the micro-objects.