• Chinese Optics Letters
  • Vol. 21, Issue 4, 042601 (2023)
Ben Wang1, Liang Xu2, Hongkuan Xia1, Aonan Zhang1, Kaimin Zheng1, and Lijian Zhang1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • 2Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310000, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/COL202321.042601 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Ben Wang, Liang Xu, Hongkuan Xia, Aonan Zhang, Kaimin Zheng, Lijian Zhang. Quantum-limited resolution of partially coherent sources[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2023, 21(4): 042601 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Discriminating two spatially separated sources is one of the most fundamental problems in imaging. Recent research based on quantum parameter estimation theory shows that the resolution limit of two incoherent point sources given by Rayleigh can be broken. However, in realistic optical systems, there often exists coherence in the imaging light field, and there have been efforts to analyze the optical resolution in the presence of partial coherence. Nevertheless, how the degree of coherence between two point sources affects the resolution has not been fully understood. Here, we analyze the quantum-limited resolution of two partially coherent point sources by explicitly relating the state after evolution through the optical systems to the coherence of the sources. In particular, we consider the situation in which coherence varies with the separation. We propose a feasible experiment scheme to realize the nearly optimal measurement, which adaptively chooses the binary spatial-mode demultiplexing measurement and direct imaging. Our results will have wide applications in imaging involving coherence of light.
    ρini=1p2(|11|+|22|)+p2(|1+|2)(1|+2|),

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    |ψi=dxψ(xxi)a^(x)|0=exp(iP^xi)|ψ,i=1,2,

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    ρs=I0[|ψ1ψ1|+|ψ2ψ2|+p(|ψ1ψ2|+|ψ2ψ1|)],

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    gobject(1)(x1x2)F{Isource(X)},

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    Fs=n1pn(pns)2.

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    Qs=2mn|em|sρs|en|2λm+λn,

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    |e1=12(1d)(|ψ1|ψ2),|e2=12(1+d)(|ψ1+|ψ2),

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    λ1=(1p)(1d)I0,λ2=(1+p)(1+d)I0.

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    Qs=3λ1|e1|sρs|e1|23λ2|e2|sρs|e2|2+4(11λ11λ2)|e1|sρs|e2|2+4λ1e1|(sρs)2|e1+4λ2e2|(sρs)2|e2.

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    Qs=(sλ1)2λ1+(sλ2)2λ2+4λ1Γ1+4λ2Γ2,

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    ρ(x)=x|ρs|x=I0[|ψ1(x)|2+|ψ2(x)|2+2pψ1(x)ψ2(x)].

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    |ψ1=exp(s232)n=0sn4nn!|ϕn,|ψ2=exp(s232)n=0(s)n4nn!|ϕn,

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    pn=I0exp(s216)s2n16nn![2+2p(1)n].

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    p(s|nj,…,n1)=p(s|nj1,…,n1)p(nj|s,nj1,…,n1)p(s|nj1,…,n1)p(nj|s,nj1,…,n1)ds,

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    sest=s×p(s|nj,nj1,…,n1)ds,

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    φ=πλz(r22r12),

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    Ben Wang, Liang Xu, Hongkuan Xia, Aonan Zhang, Kaimin Zheng, Lijian Zhang. Quantum-limited resolution of partially coherent sources[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2023, 21(4): 042601
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