The modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) and solution-doping method is applied to the fabrication of Bi-doped silica optical fiber preforms. Bi-doped SiO2-Al2O3-GeO2 fibers with near-infrared broadband emission are realized. The characteristic spectra of preforms with different Ge-codoped concentrations fabricated under various oxygen fluxes are experimentally investigated. The luminescence spectra from slices of fabricated preforms show an emission at 1146 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 204 nm when the preform is excited at 532 nm, and an emission at 1281 nm with FWHM of 250 nm when the preform is excited at 808 nm, respectively. The luminescence spectra of corresponding fibers show an emission at 1265 nm with FWHM of 280 nm when the preform is excited at 808 nm, and an emission at 1125 nm with the broadest FWHM of 460 nm when the preform is excited at 976 nm, respectively. The differences in emission between preform and fiber can be manipulated through controlling fabrication process of preform, so that the Bi-doped fiber with a suitable fluorescence and laser performance may be obtained.