Satellite laser ranging is one of the important technical means to obtain the high-precision distance of space targets. Before the measured data is used in scientific research, a series of pre-treatments of original data are required. Geneal methods for signal extraction include Graz automatic recognition, Poisson filtering, and manual recognition. In recent years, some scholars have adopted deep learning in the field of astronomy to solve some problems and achieved relatively satisfactory results. In this paper, a new algorithm for extracting target signals using deep learning is proposed, and the recognition results of the measured data show that this algorithm has certain reliability, versatility and feasibility. This research has a positive effect on the intelligent development of satellite laser ranging systems.