In recent years, with the increasing demand for optoelectronic technology applications, more and more fields such as Plane Laser Induced Fluorescence, laser detection and laser processing have shown the demand for high-repetition-rate and high-energy pulsed lasers. However, due to the limitation of average power, it is difficult for the conventional continuous pulsed lasers to achieve pulsed laser output with high repetition rate and high energy. In this paper, an LD-pumped 1.06 μm Nd:YAG burst-mode laser and its amplification system were studied and demonstrated. By employing long pump duration, burst-mode technique, and MOPA amplification scheme, the laser output with high repetition rate and high energy was obtained in the burst duration. After dual-stage amplification, the burst energy reached 170.4, 211.8, and 220.3 mJ at Q-switching repetition rate of 10, 50, and 100 kHz, containing 2, 12 and 25 pulses in one pump duration, respectively. The single pulse energy reached 85.2, 17.7, and 8.8 mJ, respectively.