Research on the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials is one of the main aspects of the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Rheum taanduticum (R. tanguticum) is one of the most widely used Chinese medicinal materials. The research on the quality control of R. tanguticum is total anthraquinones, anthraquinones, fingerprint and so on. There are few studies on quality standards based on anti-inflammatory effect in the study of R. tanguticum. Eighteen batches of R. tanguticum from different origins and processing conditions were collected to study by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR founded sixteen common peeks. There is high similarity (0.798~0.900) in 18 batches of R. tanguticum. There is a high similarity (the similarity greater than 0.900 is more than 80%) in the same origin (Gannan, Qinghai). The similarity of R. tanguticum in the same origin (Gannan, Qinghai) was higher (more than 80% if the similarity is greater than 0.900) than that between the two origins (only 69.44% if the similarity is greater than 0.900). There were variations in FTIR spectra of R. tanduticum in different origins, combining the result of cluster analysis. The origins maybe the main influence factor in the FTIR spectra. Furthermore, the sequence of double index analysis was established to distinguish different origins of medicinal materials. LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells to establish an inflammatory cell model. NO inhibition rate was used as an inflammatory index. Determination of NO inhibition rate of 18 batches of R. tanduticum. Establishing the PLSR model with common peaks (X) and NO inhibition rate (Y) by SMICA 14.1 software. There were 4 common peaks (X14，X15，X11，X2), which VIP＞1. It was found that X2 in the FTIR spectrum was positively correlated with an anti-inflammatory effect, and X14, X15, X11 were negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory effect. By further establishing the mathematical model with common peaks (X) and NO inhibition rate (Y), Y=237.618+2.992X2-0.845X4+2.979X6-3.722X7+0.433X8-0.957X12-0.759X14-0.632X15 (p=0.003＜0.01，R=0.935), it can be seen that X2, X6 have a positive correlation with the anti-inflammatory effect, and X4, X7 have a negative correlation with the anti-inflammatory effect. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect can be predicted by the FTIR spectrum of R. tanguticum, with an accuracy of 93.50%. However, due to the small sample size, it can only be used to explain the data included in this study. X6 is made of methyl β(C—H), which may be related to the content of anthraquinone components (such as Emodin, Rhein, Physcion, Aloe emodin). The results of this study can introduce the anti-inflammatory efficacy evaluation into the quality evaluation system of Rheum tanguticum, enrich the quality evaluation system of R. tanguticum, and provide new ideas for the healthy development of Rheum tanguticum industry.