• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 58, Issue 4, 0410005 (2021)
Ying Liu1、*, Houjun Lu2, and Daofang Chang1
Author Affiliations
  • 1Logistics Science and Engineering Research Institute, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2School of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP202158.0410005 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Ying Liu, Houjun Lu, Daofang Chang. Indoor Smoke Visualization Based on the Improved Ray-Casting Algorithm[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(4): 0410005 Copy Citation Text show less
    Principle of ray-casting algorithm
    Fig. 1. Principle of ray-casting algorithm
    Comparison of sampling method of improved algorithm and traditional algorithm
    Fig. 2. Comparison of sampling method of improved algorithm and traditional algorithm
    Sampling frequency calculation method of improved ray-casting algorithm
    Fig. 3. Sampling frequency calculation method of improved ray-casting algorithm
    Calculation principle of linear interpolation
    Fig. 4. Calculation principle of linear interpolation
    Linear interpolation method of hierarchical grouping
    Fig. 5. Linear interpolation method of hierarchical grouping
    Calculation time of interpolation for improved algorithm and traditional algorithm
    Fig. 6. Calculation time of interpolation for improved algorithm and traditional algorithm
    Opacity and color synthesis (calculating order from front to back)
    Fig. 7. Opacity and color synthesis (calculating order from front to back)
    Experimental results of smoke rendering in a fixed space scene. (a) Simulation rendering for 100th frame; (b) simulation rendering for 200th frame; (c) simulation rendering for 300th frame
    Fig. 8. Experimental results of smoke rendering in a fixed space scene. (a) Simulation rendering for 100th frame; (b) simulation rendering for 200th frame; (c) simulation rendering for 300th frame
    Experimental results of smoke rendering in the office. (a) Rendering result for 50th frame; (b) rendering result for 200th frame; (c) rendering result for 500th frame; (d) rendering result for 800th frame
    Fig. 9. Experimental results of smoke rendering in the office. (a) Rendering result for 50th frame; (b) rendering result for 200th frame; (c) rendering result for 500th frame; (d) rendering result for 800th frame
    Experimental results of smoke rendering in the corridor. (a) Rendering result for 300th frame; (b) rendering result for 500th frame
    Fig. 10. Experimental results of smoke rendering in the corridor. (a) Rendering result for 300th frame; (b) rendering result for 500th frame
    Experimental results of smoke rendering in a simple scene. (a) Traditional ray-casting algorithm; (b) ray-casting algorithm in Ref. [17]; (c) improved ray-casting algorithm
    Fig. 11. Experimental results of smoke rendering in a simple scene. (a) Traditional ray-casting algorithm; (b) ray-casting algorithm in Ref. [17]; (c) improved ray-casting algorithm
    Experimental results of smoke rendering in a complex scene with a farther viewpoint. (a) Traditional ray-casting algorithm; (b) ray-casting algorithm in Ref. [17]; (c) improved ray-casting algorithm
    Fig. 12. Experimental results of smoke rendering in a complex scene with a farther viewpoint. (a) Traditional ray-casting algorithm; (b) ray-casting algorithm in Ref. [17]; (c) improved ray-casting algorithm
    Experimental results of smoke rendering in a complex scene with a closer viewpoint. (a) Traditional ray-casting algorithm; (b) ray-casting algorithm in Ref. [17]; (c) improved ray-casting algorithm
    Fig. 13. Experimental results of smoke rendering in a complex scene with a closer viewpoint. (a) Traditional ray-casting algorithm; (b) ray-casting algorithm in Ref. [17]; (c) improved ray-casting algorithm
    Experimental results of smoke rendering frame rate
    Fig. 14. Experimental results of smoke rendering frame rate
    Data typeCurrent voxelBefore incidenceAfter incidence
    ColorCcurCinCout
    OpacityOcurOinOout
    Table 1. Data reference of image synthesis
    MethodSampling methodNumber of samplesRendering time /s
    Traditional ray-casting algorithmUniform sampling32148918.50
    Ray-casting algorithm of Ref. [17]Threshold range22435016.32
    Improved ray-casting algorithmAdaptive sampling19638912.95
    Table 2. Experimental results of smoke rendering resampling times
    Frame numberRendering frame rate /(frame·s-1)
    Traditional ray casting algorithmRay-casting algorithm of Ref. [17]Improved ray casting algorithm
    13545.3270.3473.92
    17844.2468.5074.24
    22047.4367.3373.35
    25243.4468.7274.93
    35137.7254.3275.14
    38438.2656.3474.92
    42340.5352.0075.15
    48538.3455.4675.23
    Table 3. Experimental results of smoke rendering frame rate
    Ying Liu, Houjun Lu, Daofang Chang. Indoor Smoke Visualization Based on the Improved Ray-Casting Algorithm[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(4): 0410005
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