Rui CHEN, Chuanqi LI, Shengbang ZHOU, Dong CHEN, Ye LU, Zhiqiang LIU, Qian ZENG, Bingqi CUI. Carrier phase estimation of M‑QAM based on cubic spline interpolation[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2024, 41(4): 679
- Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics
- Vol. 41, Issue 4, 679 (2024)

Fig. 1. Relationship between the test phase angle and the mean Euclidean distance of 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 128-QAM

Fig. 2. Relation curve between test phase and Euclidean distance obtained by cubic spline interpolation

Fig. 3. CPE algorithm flow based on cubic spline interpolation

Fig. 4. Experimental setup and DSP process

Fig. 5. 16-QAM constellation before and after the CPE algorithm based on cubic spline interpolation. (a) Draw the transmitted 16-QAM constellation symbol; (b) Constellation with phase noise; (c) Laser phase noise and estimated phase noise; (d) Constellation after phase recovery

Fig. 6. Relationship between OSNR cost and

Fig. 7. Curves of optical signal-to-noise ratio and initial test phase number bit error rate under different CPE algorithms

Fig. 8. Relationship between bit error rate and laser linewidth (16-QAM, OSNR=16.5 dB) under different CPE algorithms
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Table 1. Hardware complexity of various algorithms

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