• Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics
  • Vol. 41, Issue 4, 679 (2024)
CHEN Rui1, LI Chuanqi1,2,*, ZHOU Shengbang1,2,**, CHEN Dong1,2..., LU Ye4, LIU Zhiqiang2,3, ZENG Qian1,2 and CUI Bingqi1|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Functional Materials and Intelligent Information Processing,Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
  • 2Smart Logistics Industry School of Nanning Normal University, Demonstrative Modern Industrial School of;Guangxi University, Nanning 530001, China
  • 3The 34th Research Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Guilin 541004, China
  • 4College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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    DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2024.04.012 Cite this Article
    Rui CHEN, Chuanqi LI, Shengbang ZHOU, Dong CHEN, Ye LU, Zhiqiang LIU, Qian ZENG, Bingqi CUI. Carrier phase estimation of M‑QAM based on cubic spline interpolation[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2024, 41(4): 679 Copy Citation Text show less
    Relationship between the test phase angle and the mean Euclidean distance of 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 128-QAM
    Fig. 1. Relationship between the test phase angle and the mean Euclidean distance of 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 128-QAM
    Relation curve between test phase and Euclidean distance obtained by cubic spline interpolation
    Fig. 2. Relation curve between test phase and Euclidean distance obtained by cubic spline interpolation
    CPE algorithm flow based on cubic spline interpolation
    Fig. 3. CPE algorithm flow based on cubic spline interpolation
    Experimental setup and DSP process
    Fig. 4. Experimental setup and DSP process
    16-QAM constellation before and after the CPE algorithm based on cubic spline interpolation. (a) Draw the transmitted 16-QAM constellation symbol; (b) Constellation with phase noise; (c) Laser phase noise and estimated phase noise; (d) Constellation after phase recovery
    Fig. 5. 16-QAM constellation before and after the CPE algorithm based on cubic spline interpolation. (a) Draw the transmitted 16-QAM constellation symbol; (b) Constellation with phase noise; (c) Laser phase noise and estimated phase noise; (d) Constellation after phase recovery
    Relationship between OSNR cost and
    Fig. 6. Relationship between OSNR cost and
    Curves of optical signal-to-noise ratio and initial test phase number bit error rate under different CPE algorithms
    Fig. 7. Curves of optical signal-to-noise ratio and initial test phase number bit error rate under different CPE algorithms
    Relationship between bit error rate and laser linewidth (16-QAM, OSNR=16.5 dB) under different CPE algorithms
    Fig. 8. Relationship between bit error rate and laser linewidth (16-QAM, OSNR=16.5 dB) under different CPE algorithms
    AlgorithmReal multiplierReal adderComparatorDecision
    BPS6NB+4N6NB-B+2N+2BNB+N
    BPS/ML6N1B+8N2+16N1B-B+6N2BN1B+N2
    CSI6NB+4N+38B-226NB+26B+2N-132B-1NB+N
    Table 1. Hardware complexity of various algorithms
    Rui CHEN, Chuanqi LI, Shengbang ZHOU, Dong CHEN, Ye LU, Zhiqiang LIU, Qian ZENG, Bingqi CUI. Carrier phase estimation of M‑QAM based on cubic spline interpolation[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2024, 41(4): 679
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