A PbSe nanocrystal quantum dot doped fiber laser (QDFL) is achieved in experiment by doping the PbSe quantum dots (QDs) into the fiber and configuring an all-fiber ring resonator consisting of quantum dot doped fiber (QDF), wavelength division multiplexer (WDM), and fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Upon 980 nm laser diode (LD) pumping, an obvious exciting threshold is observed, i.e., lower than the threshold, no laser appears; higher than it, the laser output increases linearly with the pumping power. The laser output is of multiple modes, while single mode can be selected out by bending fiber technique. Upon pump power of 68 mW inputted into the fiber with 50 μm diameter, the laser output power comes to 19.2 mW (multi-mode) and 6.31 mW (single mode) with linewidth less than 0.1 nm, corresponding to pumping efficiency of 28% and 9.3%, respectively.