In order to meet the requirements of removing rust on the surface of complex space materials in ship cabins, this paper adopts the pulsed fiber laser cleaning platform to carry out the optimization of laser cleaning process parameters and the experimental study on the surface properties of EH36 Marine steel plate after cleaning. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic morphology observation and surface chemical composition analysis, and combined with the derusting standard specification of the shipbuilding industry, the quality evaluation criterion of Marine steel laser rust removal is established, and the optimal process parameters of material laser rust removal are determined. On this basis, the surface quality, microhardness, roughness and comprehensive mechanical properties of the materials after laser derusting are tested and evaluated. The results show that, under the optimal derusting process parameters (average power 210 W, repetition frequency 250 kHz, pulse width 300 ns, scanning speed 4000 mm/s), the surface quality of Marine steel plate can reach Sa2.5 grade, and the mechanical properties remain basically unchanged, which can meet the requirements of derusting process on the surface of complex space materials in ship hold. It has excellent applicability in the field of surface rust removal of shipbuilding materials.