From the perspective of the actual application of a space camera on the JL-1 satellite, this paper proposed to use high-precision thin-walled tubes and truss rods based on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) as the support structure between the primary and secondary mirrors. Besides, related design and engineering analysis are completed. Furthermore, relevant vibration, static and temperature stability tests are carried out in depth. The analysis and test results show that the proposed support structure has good structural stability and resistance to the line of sight jitter and the mass of the carbon fiber truss is only 2.11 kg. Additionally, when the fundamental frequency reaches 186 Hz, the stability under gravity and 4 ℃ temperature rise is better than 1″. The dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis of the panchromatic remote sensing images obtained in orbit shows that the in-orbit dynamic MTF value of the space camera is 0.08, which further proves the reliability and effectiveness of the truss structure support technology based on CFRP.