In order to accomplish the project of infrared telescope with φ2 m aspheric segmented primary mirror, the infrared telescope optical system design is finished, its primary mirror consists of a circular center mirror and 8 sector-shaped segment mirrors. For the purpose of analyzing the influences of segmented mirrors′ maladjustments on whole optical system, a wavefront aberration representation is derived through aspheric surface equation, then the linear relation between wavefront aberration and interference bright fringe is established, and based on optical raying tracing, the linear relation is verified by using simulation method with fringe Zernike coefficients. A linear retrieval method of stitching errors base on Zernike coefficients is proposed, a Python-based program is compiled in order to simulate errors retrieval in the stitching process of single sector-shaped segment. The simulation results show that when the stitching translation tolerance is less than 0.1mm (or angular tolerance is less than 0.1°), testing by interference method, the retrieval deviation is better than 0.5%, and continues to decrease to near zero.