An Image Zero Watermarking Technology Based on Ameliorated Singular Value and Subblock Mapping

Deyang Wu; Jing Zhao; Guoping Wang; Xiaodan Zhang; Sheng Li; Yong Tang; Changbo Qu

doi:10.3788/AOS202040.2010002

Journals >Acta Optica Sinica >Volume 40 >Issue 20 >Page 2010002 > Article

Acta Optica Sinica
Vol. 40, Issue 20, 2010002 (2020)

An Image Zero Watermarking Technology Based on Ameliorated Singular Value and Subblock Mapping

Deyang Wu^1、5, Jing Zhao^1、5、***, Guoping Wang^2、4、*, Xiaodan Zhang^1、5, Sheng Li^2、4, Yong Tang^1、5、**, and Changbo Qu³

Author Affiliations

¹College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 0 66004 China

²School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

³College of Software, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning 125105, China

⁴Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Virtual Simulation and Visualization, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

⁵Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 0 66004

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DOI: 10.3788/AOS202040.2010002 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Deyang Wu, Jing Zhao, Guoping Wang, Xiaodan Zhang, Sheng Li, Yong Tang, Changbo Qu. An Image Zero Watermarking Technology Based on Ameliorated Singular Value and Subblock Mapping[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2020, 40(20): 2010002 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Preprocessing process of copyright watermark

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Fig. 2. Process of constructing zero watermark and extracting copyright watermark. (a) Generate zero watermark; (b) extract copyright watermark

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Fig. 3. Carrier images and copyright watermark. (a) Baboon image; (b) barbara image; (c) boat image; (d) couple image; (e) elaine image; (f) goldhill image; (g) lena image; (h) paper image; (i) sailboat image; (j) copyright logo; (k) watermark mapped; (l) QR code

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Fig. 4. Relationship between the change rate of maximum singular value and modulation factors. (a) Gaussian noise (0.3); (b) median filtering (template size 11×11); (c) JPEG compression (compression factor 10); (d) rotation attack (5°); (e) column and column offset (5 rows down); (f) crop attack (upper left 1/4)

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Fig. 5. Combined attack. (a) Gaussian noise+rotation attack; (b) shear attack+Gaussian noise; (c) salt and pepper noise+JPEG compression; (d) median filter+rotation attack; (e) rotation attack+row and column offset; (f) shear attack+JPEG

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Fig. 6. Zero watermark security test. (a) Baboon image; (b) barbara image; (c) boat image; (d) couple image; (e) elaine image; (f) goldhill image; (g) lena image; (h) paper image; (i) sailboat image

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Fig. 7. Comparison results of different algorithms. (a) Gaussian noise; (b) median filter; (c) JPEG compression; (d) rotation attack; (e) row and colum offset; (f) crop position

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Item	Baboon	Barbara	Boat	Couple	Elaine	Goldhill	Lena	Paper	Sailboat
Baboon	1.0000	0.4981	0.7067	0.6744	0.7280	0.5317	0.6151	0.6963	0.6087
Barbara	0.4981	1.0000	0.5504	0.6036	0.5129	0.6498	0.5856	0.5682	0.6564
Boat	0.7067	0.5504	1.0000	0.7372	0.7297	0.7150	0.7157	0.6268	0.6793
Couple	0.6744	0.6036	0.7372	1.0000	0.6855	0.7135	0.7638	0.6725	0.7280
Elaine	0.7280	0.5129	0.7297	0.6855	1.0000	0.6703	0.7372	0.6538	0.6391
Goldhill	0.5317	0.6498	0.7150	0.7135	0.6703	1.0000	0.7274	0.5915	0.7355
Lena	0.6151	0.5856	0.7157	0.7638	0.7372	0.7274	1.0000	0.5604	0.7640
Paper	0.6963	0.5682	0.6268	0.6725	0.6538	0.5915	0.5604	1.0000	0.5219
Sailboat	0.6087	0.6564	0.6793	0.7280	0.6391	0.7355	0.7640	0.5219	1.0000

Table 1. Experiment results of false alarm rate

Attack type	Parameter	Baboon	Barbara	Boat	Couple	Elaine	Goldhill	Lena	Paper	Sailboat
Salt & pepper noise	0.01	0.9948	0.9983	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	0.9974	0.9983	0.9974	0.9965
Salt & pepper noise	0.05	0.9878	0.9913	0.9931	0.9861	0.9948	0.9895	0.9983	0.9922	0.9957
Gaussian noise	0.01	0.9887	0.9931	0.9930	0.9800	0.9922	0.9861	0.9931	0.9904	0.9930
Gaussian noise	0.05	0.9809	0.9843	0.9825	0.9660	0.9835	0.9801	0.9844	0.9869	0.9737
Speckle noise	0.01	0.9931	0.9983	0.9965	0.9948	1.0000	0.9948	0.9983	0.9974	1.0000
Speckle noise	0.05	0.9861	0.9983	0.9930	0.9896	0.9965	0.9930	0.9930	0.9931	0.9896
Median filtering	3×3	0.9948	0.9965	1.0000	0.9948	1.0000	0.9983	0.9965	1.0000	0.9895
Median filtering	9×9	0.9801	0.9913	0.9853	0.9878	0.9965	0.9965	0.9913	0.9931	0.9825
Wiener filtering	3×3	0.9965	0.9983	1.0000	0.9983	1.0000	0.9965	1.0000	1.0000	0.9930
Wiener filtering	9×9	0.9931	0.9913	0.9913	0.9965	1.0000	0.9965	0.9948	0.9965	0.9895
Low pass filtering	3×3	0.9913	1.0000	0.9965	0.9983	0.9983	0.9965	0.9983	0.9965	0.9930
Low pass filtering	9×9	0.9913	0.9965	0.9948	0.9983	0.9983	0.9965	0.9983	0.9965	0.9860
JPEG compression	10	1.0000	0.9965	0.9913	1.0000	0.9965	0.9939	0.9965	0.9983	0.9965
JPEG compression	50	1.0000	1.0000	0.9965	0.9983	1.0000	0.9983	0.9983	0.9974	1.0000

Table 2. Experimental results of non-geometry attack

Attack type	Item	Baboon	Barbara	Boat	Couple	Elaine	Goldhill	Lena	Paper	Sailboat
Rotation /(°)	1	0.9776	0.9819	0.9755	0.9704	0.9754	0.9755	0.9836	0.9801	0.9577
	2	0.9538	0.9512	0.9549	0.9567	0.9533	0.9613	0.9837	0.9625	0.9376
	5	0.9036	0.9148	0.9109	0.8998	0.8755	0.8977	0.9377	0.8811	0.9038
Cutting	Upper left 1/4	0.9392	0.9705	0.9396	0.9314	0.9447	0.9471	0.9555	0.9623	0.9755
	Center 1/4	0.9368	0.9623	0.9447	0.9461	0.9633	0.9639	0.9515	0.9441	0.9650
	Bottom right 1/4	0.9498	0.9621	0.9416	0.9594	0.9314	0.9737	0.9602	0.9657	0.9477
Move	1 line	0.9948	0.9878	0.9939	0.9913	1.0000	0.9930	0.9983	0.9861	0.9965
	2 line	0.9931	0.9843	0.9869	0.9861	0.9983	0.9792	0.9965	0.9843	0.9869
	5 column	0.9514	0.9586	0.9755	0.9574	0.9684	0.9531	0.9406	0.9492	0.9489

Table 3. Experimental results of geometry attack

Attack type	Parameter	SVD		ASVD
Attack type	Parameter	NC	BER /%	NC	BER /%
Gaussian noise	0.2	0.3777	52.34	0.9913	0.98
Median filtering	5×5	0.6923	30.57	1.0000	0.00
JPE compression	20	0.5952	39.16	0.9983	0.20
Rotation /(°)	2	0.3058	53.91	0.9575	4.79
Cutting	Upper left1/4	0.9121	9.47	0.9648	3.91
Move	5 line	0.3097	54.39	0.9895	1.17

Table 4. Performance comparison between SVD and ASVD

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