Fig. 1. Design concept of the HESS.

Fig. 2. Symmetric HESS. (a1)–(c1) Numerical distributions of S1, S2, and S3, respectively, for the left sections depicted in Figs. 5(a1)–5(f1). (d1) 3D vector field. (e1) 2D top view of the skyrmion. (a2)–(e2) Corresponding experimental results. (a3)–(e3) Numerical results for the right sections depicted in Figs. 5(a1)–5(f1). (a4)–(e4) Corresponding experimental results.

Fig. 3. Asymmetric HESS. (a1)–(c1) Numerical distributions of S1, S2, and S3, respectively, for the left sections depicted in Figs. 6(a1)–6(f1). (d1) 3D vector field. (e1) 2D top view of the skyrmion. (a2)–(e2) Corresponding experimental results. (a3)–(e3) Numerical results for the right sections depicted in Figs. 6(a1)–6(f1). (a4)–(e4) Corresponding experimental results.

Fig. 4. Experimental arrangement of the HESS.

Fig. 5. Symmetric splitting of intensity distributions. (a1)–(f1) Numerical and (a2)–(f2) captured profiles of the I_XP, I_YP, I_L+45 P, I_L-45 P, I_RCP, and I_LCP, respectively.

Fig. 6. Asymmetric splitting of intensity distributions. (a1)–(f1) Numerical and (a2)–(f2) captured profiles of the I_XP, I_YP, I_L+45 P, I_L-45 P, I_RCP, and I_LCP, respectively.

Fig. 7. Magnified images of symmetric splitting in intensity distributions. (a1)–(f1) Numerical profiles of the left sections depicted in Figs. 5(a1)–5(f1), respectively. (a2)–(f2) Corresponding experimental results. (a3)–(f3) Numerical results for the right sections depicted in Figs. 5(a1)–5(f1). (a4)–(f4) Corresponding experimental results.

Fig. 8. Magnified images of asymmetric splitting in intensity distributions. (a1)–(f1) Numerical profiles of the left sections depicted in Figs. 6(a1)–6(f1), respectively. (a2)–(f2) Corresponding experimental results. (a3)–(f3) Numerical results for the right sections depicted in Figs. 6(a1)–6(f1). (a4)–(f4) Corresponding experimental results.

Fig. 9. (a1)–(a4) and (b1)–(b4) Stokes vectors and polarization distribution of azimuthally polarized light with a topological charge of +1 and −1 after propagating 200 mm before splitting, respectively. (c1)–(c4) and (d1)–(d4) Stokes vectors and polarization distribution after symmetric and asymmetric splitting, respectively.

Fig. 10. (a)–(d) Polarization ellipses distribution calculated based on the Stokes parameters in Figs. 2(a1)–2(c1), 2(a2)–2(c2), 2(a3)–2(c3), and 2(a4)–2(c4), respectively.

Fig. 11. (a)–(d) Polarization ellipses distribution calculated based on the Stokes parameters in Figs. 3(a1)–3(c1), 3(a2)–3(c2), 3(a3)–3(c3), and 3(a4)–3(c4), respectively.