Author Affiliations
School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun , Jilin 130022, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Spectral distribution of various light sources
Fig. 2. Spectrum distribution of SC400 series supercontinuum laser produced by Fianium company
[12] Fig. 3. Basic structure diagram of star simulator
Fig. 4. Evolution of light source in color temperature adjustable star simulator
Fig. 5. STS structure diagram
[19] Fig. 6. LED array developed by University of Pavado in Italy
[20] Fig. 7. Multicolor temperature single star simulator
[26] Fig. 8. LED array developed by Zhejiang University
[33] Fig. 9. Spectrum adjustable light source based on tungsten bromide lamp
[38] Fig. 10. Visible ARS structure
[39] Fig. 11. Short wave infrared ARS structure
[39] Fig. 12. Simulation of two kinds of target spectrum by ARS system
[39]. (a) Target detection based on spectral Gaussian distribution; (b) fluorescent lamp distribution
Fig. 13. System prototype of spectral tunable radiance standard light source
[40] Fig. 14. SPLE system diagram based on prism
[41] Fig. 15. Spectra matching diagrams of SPLE system
[43].(a)Simulated Gaussian distribution spectrum;(b)spectrum of simulated xenon lamp;(c)spectral flattening
Fig. 16. Light source system of spectrum adjustable star simulator based on DMD
[45] Fig. 17. Simulation results of spectral distribution at 3900, 4800, 6500 K
[45]. (a) Simulation of blackbody spectra at 3900 K; (b) simulation of blackbody spectra at 4800 K; (c) simulation of blackbody spectra at 6500 K
Star class | Color temperature /K |
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O | 30000‒60000 | B | 10000‒30000 | A | 7500‒10000 | F | 6000‒7500 | G | 5200‒6000 | K | 3700‒5200 | M | 2400‒3700 |
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Table 1. Classification of stars by color temperature at Harvard Observatory
Dynamic color temperature technology | Principle | Characteristic |
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Cold and warm white LED mixed light | Adjust the mixing ratio of various LEDs to achieve color temperature matching | It has good color rendering and small color temperature adjustable range. It can only realize the mixed light at the line of two chromaticity coordinates. | RGB mixed light | It has good color temperature adjustable range and precise controllability. | White LED and Yellow LED mixed light | Narrow spectrum yellow LED will destroy the uniformity of mixed light spectrum. |
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Table 2. Several typical LED mixing technologies with adjustable color temperature
Color temperature adjustable system | Type | Advantage | Disadvantage | Spectral matching error |
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LED array developed by University of Pavado | Mixed light source type | Tunable output spectrum;high spectral stability | The spectral matching accuracy is slightly lower | 16.67% | LED array developed by Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences | Mixed light source type | Small peak wavelength interval of LED;asymmetric Gaussian distribution function model | Instability of power control system | 4% | LED array developed by Xi’an Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences | Mixed light source type | White LED & multi-wavelength monochrome LED;double integrating sphere | Poor at feedback output in real time | 15% | ARS system by NIST | Spectral modulation type | Application of digital micro-mirror devices | The spectral matching accuracy is slightly lower | 13% | Star Simulator by Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences | Spectral modulation type | Hybrid substrate light source;good smoothness of the simulated spectrum | Limited spectral matching accuracy | 4.87%‒7.83% | Spectrum simulation system of star simulator based on DMD | Spectral modulation type | Application of digital micro-mirror devices and xenon lamp | Poor spectral range;lower utilization of energy | 4% | Star simulator with continuously adjustable spectrum | Spectral modulation type | Application of digital micro-mirror devices and supercontinuum laser | Lower utilization of energy | 2% |
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Table 3. Comparison of typical light sources with adjustable color temperature
Adjustable color temperature system | Grating | Spectroscopic system | Spectral matching error |
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Spectrally tunable light source based on DMD by Li | Concave holographic grating | | Unknown | Star simulator with continuously adjustable spectrum by Xu | Plane reflection grating | | 2% | Offner convex grating radiate-on calibration light source by Xu | Offner convex grating | | 3.2%‒5.2% |
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Table 4. Comparison of three kinds of light splitting systems with adjustable color temperature