Author Affiliations
1School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China2Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Annual change of total trade volume of four typical products in the global tungsten industrial chain, 2009-2018
Fig. 2. Annual change of market concentration of four typical products in the global tungsten industrial chain, 2009-2018
Fig. 3. Sketch map of countries and regions in the list of C8 oligopoly export members in the tungsten industrial chain, 2009-2018
Fig. 4. Evolution features of the competitiveness of typical export countries of tungsten ore, 2009-2018
Fig. 5. Change of the competitiveness of typical export countries of tungstate, 2009-2018
Fig. 6. Evolution features of the competitiveness of typical export countries of ferrotungsten alloy, 2009-2018
Fig. 7. Evolution features of the competitiveness of typical export countries of tungsten products, 2009-2018
Fig. 8. Comparison of the competitiveness of typical countries in the tungsten industrial chain, 2018
国家(地区) | 缩写 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
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加拿大 | CA | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 俄罗斯 | RU | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 玻利维亚 | BO | 3 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 葡萄牙 | PT | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 中国 | CN | 5 | 2 | 3 | N/A | 4 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 秘鲁 | PE | 6 | 6 | N/A | 8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 卢旺达 | RW | 7 | 8 | N/A | 6 | 7 | 5 | 7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 其他国家 | N/A | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | N/A | N/A | 越南 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 西班牙 | ES | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7 | N/A | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 美国 | US | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 6 | 6 | N/A | N/A | 7 | N/A | 蒙古 | MN | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 中国香港 | HK | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 | N/A | N/A | 英国 | GB | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7 | 6 | 6 | 荷兰 | NL | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 | N/A | 朝鲜 | KP | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5 | 韩国 | KR | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 |
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Table 1. Countries and regions in the C8 oligopoly list of international trade of tungsten ore, 2009-2018
国家/地区 | 缩写 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
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中国 | CN | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 美国 | US | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 俄罗斯 | RU | 3 | N/A | 8 | 4 | 6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 德国 | DE | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 荷兰 | NL | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 越南 | VN | 6 | 3 | 3 | N/A | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 爱尔兰 | IE | 7 | 7 | N/A | 7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 英国 | GB | 8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5 | 5 | 5 | 澳大利亚 | AU | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 | 8 | 6 | N/A | 7 | N/A | N/A | 奥地利 | AT | N/A | 8 | 6 | N/A | N/A | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | N/A | 瑞士 | CH | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7 | 8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 中国香港 | HK | N/A | 6 | 7 | 6 | N/A | N/A | 8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 印度 | IN | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7 | 4 | 日本 | JP | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 菲律宾 | PH | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 6 |
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Table 2. Countries and regions in the C8 oligopoly list of international trade of tungstate, 2009-2018
国家/地区 | 缩写 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
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中国 | CN | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 越南 | VN | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 荷兰 | NL | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 德国 | DE | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 巴西 | BR | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 7 | N/A | 7 | N/A | 8 | 8 | 比利时 | BE | 6 | 7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 中国香港 | HK | 7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 英国 | GB | 8 | 8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 哈萨克斯坦 | KZ | N/A | N/A | 5 | 7 | 8 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 瑞典 | SE | N/A | N/A | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 俄罗斯 | RU | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 韩国 | KR | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5 | 6 | 5 | 乌克兰 | UA | N/A | 5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 法国 | FR | N/A | N/A | 8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 意大利 | IT | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 | N/A | N/A |
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Table 3. Countries and regions in the C8 oligopoly list of international trade of ferrotungsten alloy, 2009-2018
国家/地区 | 缩写 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
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中国 | CN | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 美国 | US | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 日本 | JP | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 德国 | DE | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 奥地利 | AT | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 比利时 | BE | 6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 韩国 | KR | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 英国 | GB | 8 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 捷克 | CZ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 | N/A | N/A | 8 | 5 | 法国 | FR | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 | 8 | N/A | 7 | 7 | N/A | N/A | 以色列 | IL | N/A | 7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 加拿大 | CA | N/A | N/A | 8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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Table 4. Countries and regions in the C8 oligopoly list of international trade of tungsten products, 2009-2018