Graphene oxide is composed of sp2 and sp3 hybrid carbon atoms and contains a plurality of oxygen-containing groups of hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxyl groups, and which is the precursor of many functionalized graphenes. The hydroxyl group is mainly on the surface of the graphite sheet, and the carboxyl group is mainly located at the edge of the sheet structure. An ordered composite material perpendicular to the surface, and a functional composite of various overhanging structures can be obtained by the hydroxycarboxyl group of graphene oxide. The performance of functional graphene varies greatly depending on the degree of oxidation. According to the literature, scientists have studied the ratio of different carbon atoms and oxygen atoms in graphene by XRD, XPS, FT-IR, Zeta, Raman spectroscopy, etc., but almost no reports can directly measure the oxygen-containing functional groups on graphene oxide. A method for measuring hydroxyl content of graphene oxide by infrared spectroscopy was set up by using phenol as standard substance, Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the method of a chemical oxidation-reduction reaction, then using phenol as standard substance measured the hydroxyl content since phenol and GO have similar skeletal structure. The spectrum of phenol illustrated the peaks of a benzene ring frame vibration (1 597, 1 500 and 1 474 cm-1), the benzene ring C-H in-plane bending vibration absorption peak (1 692 cm-1), and the C-OH stretching vibration absorption peak of phenols (1 234 cm-1), while the spectrum of GO illustrated the peaks of CC stretching vibration (1 630 cm-1) and C-OH stretching vibration (1 400 cm-1). Thus, with the ratio of peak area of a benzene ring or C-OH of both phenol and GO, hydroxyl content of graphene oxide sheets was calculated by structural analogy analysis and correlation formula. The analogy infrared spectroscopy method could be applied to estimate the oxygen or hydroxyl content on the surface of graphene oxide sheets. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Atomic force microscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometer and Laser Raman spectroscopy were used to further verify the rationality of the above method.