[1] Murthy C S R, Gurusamy M. WDM Optical Networks: concepts, Design, and Algorithms, Singapore: Prentice-hall, 2002, 1–15
[2] Berthold J, Saleh A A M, Blair L, Simmons J M. Optical networking: past, present, and future. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2008, 26(9): 1104–1118
[3] Gavanelli M, Nonato M, Peano A, Bertozzi D. Logic programming approaches for routing fault-free and maximally parallel wavelength- routed optical networks on chip. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, 2017, 17(5–6): 800–818
[4] Singh S. Performance comparison of optical network topologies in the presence of optimized semiconductor optical amplifiers. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2009, 1(4): 313–323
[5] Kaur G, Singh M L. Effect of four-wave mixing in WDM optical fibre systems. Optik, 2009, 120(6): 268–273
[6] Lin H C, Wang S H, Tsai C P. Traffic intensity based fixed alternate routing in all optical WDM networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC’06. Istanbul: IEEE, 2006, 2439–2446
[7] Zang H, Jue J P, Mukherjee B. A review of routing and wavelength assignment approaches for wavelength routed optical WDM network. Optical Networks Magazine, 2000, 1: 47–60
[8] Chlamtac I, Ganz A, Karmi G. Light path communications: an approach to high bandwidth optical WAN’s. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1992, 40(7): 1171–1182
[9] ang H, Jue J P, Sahasrabuddhe L, Ramamurthy R, Mukherjee B. Dynamic Light path establishment in wavelength routed WDM network. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2001, 39(9): 100–108
[10] Bala K, Stern T E, Bala K. Algorithms for routing in a linear light wave network. In: Proceedings of IEEE Infocom’91. Bal Harbour: IEEE, 1991, 1–9
[11] Wason A, Kaler R S. Generic routing and wavelength assignment algorithm for a wavelength-routed WDM Network. Optik (Stuttgart), 2011, 122(12): 1100–1106
[12] Chap T, Wang X, Xu S, Tanaka Y. Link-disjoint routing algorithms with link-disjoint degree and resource utilization concern in translucent WDM optical networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICACT’2011. Seoul: IEEE, 2011, 357–362
[13] Guo L, Wang X, Ji W, Hou W, Wu T, Jin F. A new waveband switching routing algorithm in WDM optical networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICACT’08. Gangwon-Do: IEEE, 2008, 2151–2154
[14] Ebrahimzadeh A, Rahbar A G, Alizadeh B. Binary quadratic programming formulation for routing and wavelength assignment problem in all-optical WDM networks. Optical Switching and Networking, 2013, 10(4): 354–365
[15] Christodoulopoulos K, Manousakis K, Varvarigos E. Offline routing and wavelength assignment in transparent WDM networks. IEEE/ ACM Transactions on Networking, 2010, 18(5): 1557–1570
[16] Leesutthipornchai P, Charnsripinyo C, Wattanapongsakorn N. Solving multi-objective routing and wavelength assignment in WDM network using hybrid evolutionary computation approach. Computer Communications, 2010, 33(18): 2246–2259
[17] Crichigno J, Xie C, Shu W, Wu M Y, Ghani N A. Multiobjective approach for throughput optimization and traffic engineering in WDM networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Forty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. Pacific Grove: IEEE, 2009, 1043–1047
[18] Singh Suk, Singh Sur. A hybridWDMring–tree topology delivering efficient utilization of bandwidth over resilient infrastructure. Photonic Network Communications, 2018, 35(3): 325–334
[19] Bisbal D, Miguel I, González F, Blas J, Aguado J C, Fernández P, Durán J, Durán R, Lorenzo R M, Abril E J, López M. Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks by means of genetic algorithms. Journal of Photonic Network Communication, 2004, 7(1): 43–58
[20] Ramesh T K, Lakshmi N A, Madhu A, Ready K S, Vaya P R. A proactive and self-regulated ant based RWA protocol for all optical WDM networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Process Automation Control and Computing. Coimbatore: IEEE, 2011, 1–5
[21] Chen M T, Lin B M T, Tseng S S. Ant colony optimization for dynamic routing and wavelength Assignment in WDM networks with sparse wavelength conversion. Journal of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2011, 24(2): 295–305
[22] Triay J, Cervello-Pastor C. An ant based algorithm for distributed routing and wavelength assignment in dynamic optical networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2010, 28(4): 542–552
[23] Ngo S H, Jiang X, Horiguchi S. An ant based approach for dynamic RWA in optical WDM networks. Journal of Photonic Network Communications, 2006, 11(1): 39–48
[24] Aragon V M, Miguel R J, Merayo N, Agerado J C, Fernadez P, Lorenzo R M, Abril E A. New algorithm for the distributed RWA problem in WDM networks using ant colony optimization. In: Tomkos I, Neri F, Solé Pareta J, Masip Bruin X, Sánchez Lopez S, eds. Optical Network Design and Modeling. Berlin: Springer Heidelberg, 2007, 299–308
[25] Kavian Y S, Rashedi A, Mahani A, Ghassemlooy Z. Routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks using artificial bee colony algorithm. Optik, 2013, 124(12): 1243–1249
[26] Hassan A, Phillips C. Chaotic particle swarm optimization for dynamic routing and wavelength assignment in all optical WDM networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication System. Omaha: IEEE, 2009
[27] Lezama F, Casta?ón G, Sarmiento A M. Routing and wavelength assignment in all optical networks using differential evolution optimization. Photonic Network Communications, 2013, 26(2–3): 103–119
[28] Bayraktar Z, Komurcu M, Bossard J A, Werner D H. The winddriven optimization technique and its application in electromagnetics. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61 (5): 2745–2757
[29] Yang X S. Flower pollination algorithm for global optimization. In: Durand-Lose J, Jonoska N, eds. Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation. Berlin: Springer Heidelberg, 2012, 240–249
[30] Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt C D Jr, VecchiMP. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science, 1983, 220(4598): 671–680
[31] Hosseini H S. The intelligent water drops algorithm: a natureinspired swarm-based optimization algorithm. International Journal of Bio-inspired Computation, 2009, 1(1/2): 71–79
[32] Wason A, Kaler R S. Wavelength assignment problem in optical WDM networks. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 2007, 7(4): 27–31
[33] Balasubramani K, Marcus K A. Study on flower pollination algorithm and its applications. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 2014, 3(11): 230–235
[34] Tyagi D K, Chaubey V K, Khandelwal P. Routing and wavelength assignment in WDM network using IWD based algorithm. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Automation (ICCCA). Noida: IEEE, 2016
[35] Hosseini H S. Problem solving by intelligent water drops. In: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. Singapore: IEEE, 2007, 3226–3231
[36] Yadav A K, Singh A, Azeem A, Rahi O P. Application of simulated annealing and genetic algorithm in engineering application. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, 2011, 1(2): 81–85
[37] Fang Z, Gu X, Chen J. Improved heuristic flower pollination algorithm for solving multi-dimensional knapsack problems. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation. Changsha: IEEE, 2017, 33–38
[38] Abdel-Baset M, Hezam I. hybrid flower pollination algorithm for engineering optimization problems. International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2016, 140(12): 10–23
[39] Selvarani S, Sadhasivam G. An intelligent water drop algorithm for optimizing task scheduling in grid environment. International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 2016, 13(6): 627–634
[40] Askarzadeh A, Coelho L D S, Klein C E, Mariani V C. A population based simulated annealing algorithm for global optimization. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics(SMC). Budapest: IEEE, 2016, 004626–004633
[41] Mantawy A H, Abdel-Magid Y L, Selim S Z. A simulated annealing algorithm for unit commitment. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1998, 13(1): 197–204