Journals >Frontiers of Optoelectronics
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2019
Volume: 12 Issue 4
13 Article(s)
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COMMENT
The smallest nanowire spectrometers
Jianji DONG
Optical spectroscopy is a versatile characterization technique for a wide range of applications. Developing miniaturized spectrometers is the trend for applications in which small footprint takes precedence over high resolution. However, development of micro-spectrometers based on miniaturized or integrated optics is aOptical spectroscopy is a versatile characterization technique for a wide range of applications. Developing miniaturized spectrometers is the trend for applications in which small footprint takes precedence over high resolution. However, development of micro-spectrometers based on miniaturized or integrated optics is approaching a bottleneck toward submillimeter scales because of the inherent scale limitation of their optical components or path lengths. Although these constraints can be circumvented with computational spectral reconstruction by addressing a full range of spectral components simultaneously at multiple detectors, complex millimeter-scale arrays of individually prepared filters arranged over charge-coupled device or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor detectors are difficult to be miniaturized..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 341 (2019)
Laser-written three dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals
Feng CHEN
Femtosecond laser writing is a powerful three dimensional (3D) engineering technique for materials processing. It has been used to modify the refractive index of dielectric materials (e.g., glass, crystals) to construct optical waveguides for diverse applications. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a multifunctional crystal wFemtosecond laser writing is a powerful three dimensional (3D) engineering technique for materials processing. It has been used to modify the refractive index of dielectric materials (e.g., glass, crystals) to construct optical waveguides for diverse applications. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a multifunctional crystal with excellent nonlinear optical properties. Nonlinear photonic crystal (NPC) could control nonlinear optical interactions through quasi-phase matching (QPM) due to the periodical nonlinear coefficients. Although the 1D and 2D NPCs have been fabricated by electric-field poling, the implementation of 3D NPCs remains as a major challenge in nonlinear optics because of the limitation of traditional poling methods..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 342 (2019)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Screen printing process control for coating high throughput titanium dioxide films toward printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells
Zhining WAN, Mi XU, Zhengyang FU, Da LI, Anyi MEI, Yue HU, Yaoguang RONG, and Hongwei HAN
Screen printing technique has been widely applied for the manufacturing of both traditional silicon solar cells and emerging photovoltaics such as dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Particularly, we have developed a printable mesoscopic PSC based on a triple layer scaffold of TiO2/ ZrOScreen printing technique has been widely applied for the manufacturing of both traditional silicon solar cells and emerging photovoltaics such as dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Particularly, we have developed a printable mesoscopic PSC based on a triple layer scaffold of TiO2/ ZrO2/carbon. The deposition of the scaffold is entirely based on screen printing process, which provides a promising prospect for low-cost photovoltaics. However, the optimal thickness of the TiO2 layer for fabricating efficient printable PSCs is much smaller than the typical thickness of screen printed films. Here, we tune the concentration of the pastes and the printing parameters for coating TiO2 films, and successfully print TiO2 films with the thickness of 500 – 550 nm. The correlation between the thickness of the films and printing parameters such as the solid content and viscosity of the pastes, the printing speed and pressure, and the temperature has been investigated. Besides, the edge effect that the edge of the TiO2 films possesses a much larger thickness and printing positional accuracy have been studied. This work will significantly benefit the further development of printable mesoscopic PSCs..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 344 (2019)
Antimony doped Cs2SnCl6 with bright and stable emission
Jinghui LI, Zhifang TAN, Manchen HU, Chao CHEN, Jiajun LUO, Shunran LI, Liang GAO, Zewen XIAO, Guangda NIU, and Jiang TANG
Lead halide perovskites, with high photoluminescence efficiency and narrow-band emission, are promising materials for display and lighting. However, the lead toxicity and environmental sensitivity hinder their potential applications. Herein, a new antimony-doped lead-free inorganic perovskites variant Cs2SnCl6:xSb is dLead halide perovskites, with high photoluminescence efficiency and narrow-band emission, are promising materials for display and lighting. However, the lead toxicity and environmental sensitivity hinder their potential applications. Herein, a new antimony-doped lead-free inorganic perovskites variant Cs2SnCl6:xSb is designed and synthesized. The perovskite variant Cs2SnCl6:xSb exhibits a broadband orange-red emission, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 37%. The photoluminescence of Cs2SnCl6:xSb is caused by the ionoluminescence of Sb3+ within Cs2SnCl6 matrix, which is verified by temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) and PL decay measurements. In addition, the all inorganic structure renders Cs2SnCl6:xSb with excellent thermal and water stability. Finally, a white light-emitting diode (white-LED) is fabricated by assembling Cs2SnCl6:0.59%Sb, Cs2SnCl6:2.75%Bi and Ba2Sr2SiO4: Eu2+ onto the commercial UV LED chips, and the color rendering index (CRI) reaches 81..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 352 (2019)
Transmission characteristics of linearly polarized light in reflection-type one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals
Chunxiang ZENG, Zeqing WANG, and Yingmao XIE
The propagation properties of linearly polarized light in reflection-type one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals are studied by using the 4 × 4 transmission matrix method. The structure models of reflection-type one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals are designed, the magnetic field direction control characterThe propagation properties of linearly polarized light in reflection-type one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals are studied by using the 4 × 4 transmission matrix method. The structure models of reflection-type one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals are designed, the magnetic field direction control characteristics of reflection spectrum and Kerr rotation angle are discussed, and the effect of applied magnetic field direction and strength on reflection spectrum and Kerr rotation angle are analyzed. The results show that the non-diagonal elements in the dielectric constant of magneto optical materials change when the angle φ between applied magnetic field and optical path changes, the reflectivity and Kerr rotation angle decrease when the angle φ increases; when the applied magnetic field strength changes, the reflectivity and Kerr rotation angle increase when the applied magnetic field strength increases; by adjusting the angle φ and strength of the applied magnetic field, the rotation angle of Kerr can be adjusted to 45°, and a more flat reflection spectrum can be obtained by designing the appropriate structure..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 365 (2019)
Chemical sensing through photonic crystal fiber: sulfuric acid detection
Etu PODDER, Md. Bellal HOSSAIN, Rayhan Habib JIBON, Abdullah Al-Mamun BULBUL, and Himadri Shekhar MONDAL
A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for sensing of sulfuric acid is designed and analyzed using Comsol Multiphysics. To analyze the sensor performance, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% H2SO4 solution is placed into the fiber separately and then relative sensitivity, confinement loss, birefringence, effective area etc. are investigateA photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for sensing of sulfuric acid is designed and analyzed using Comsol Multiphysics. To analyze the sensor performance, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% H2SO4 solution is placed into the fiber separately and then relative sensitivity, confinement loss, birefringence, effective area etc. are investigated for each solution over wavelength ranging from 0.8 to 1.8 mm. The sensor structure affords moderately high relative sensitivity and around 63.4% sensitivity is achieved for the highest concentration of H2SO4 at the wavelength 1.5 mm in x polarization direction. This PCF model also shows zero confinement loss for all solutions of H2SO4 over wavelength ranging from 1 to 1.35 mm and later on approximately 1.422 × 10–17 dB/km confinement loss is found for the highest concentration of H2SO4 at 1.5 mm wavelength. Besides, higher birefringence is attained when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower and it is achieved 7.5 × 10–4 at 1.5 mm wavelength. Moreover, higher sensing area is achieved at high concentration of sulfuric acid..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 372 (2019)
Ultra-flat broadband microwave frequency comb generation based on optical frequency comb with a multiple-quantumwell electro-absorption modulator in critical state
Cong SHEN, Peili LI, Xinyuan ZHU, Yuanfang ZHANG, and Yaqiao HAN
In this paper, we proposed a novel ultra-flat broadband microwave frequency comb (MFC) generation based on optical frequency comb (OFC) with a multiplequantum- well electro-absorption modulator (MQW-EAM) in critical state. The scheme is simple and easy to adjust. The performance of the MFC generation scheme is investigIn this paper, we proposed a novel ultra-flat broadband microwave frequency comb (MFC) generation based on optical frequency comb (OFC) with a multiplequantum- well electro-absorption modulator (MQW-EAM) in critical state. The scheme is simple and easy to adjust. The performance of the MFC generation scheme is investigated using software Optisystem. The results show that the comb spacing of MFC can be adjusted from 5 to 20 GHz by changing RF signal’s frequency and the MFC is almost independent on the linewidth of the tunable laser diode. The performance of the MFC can be improved by reasonably increasing the voltage of the RF, the smallsignal gain of the Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and the responsivity of the photodetector. The MFC generated by this scheme has 300 GHz effective bandwidth with 15 comb lines, whose power variation is 0.02 dB, when the components’ parameters in the Optisystem are set as follows: the power of tunable laser diode (TLD) is 0 dBm, the wavelength is 1552.52 nm, and linewidth is 1 MHz; RF signal’s frequency is 20 GHz and the voltage is 10 V; the reverse bias voltage of MQW-EAM is 6.92 V; the small-signal gain of the EDFA is 40 dB; the responsivity of the photodetector (PD) is 1 A/W..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 382 (2019)
Near-infrared carbon-implanted waveguides in Tb3+-doped aluminum borosilicate glasses
Yue WANG, Jiaxin ZHAO, Qifeng ZHU, Jianping SHEN, Zhongyue WANG, Haitao GUO, and Chunxiao LIU
Ion implantation has played a unique role in the fabrication of optical waveguide devices. Tb3+-doped aluminum borosilicate (TDAB) glass has been considered as an important magneto-optical material. In this work, near-infrared waveguides have been manufactured by the (5.5 + 6.0) MeV C3+ ion implantation with doses of (Ion implantation has played a unique role in the fabrication of optical waveguide devices. Tb3+-doped aluminum borosilicate (TDAB) glass has been considered as an important magneto-optical material. In this work, near-infrared waveguides have been manufactured by the (5.5 + 6.0) MeV C3+ ion implantation with doses of (4.0 + 8.0) × 1013 ions$cm-2 in the TDAB glass. The modes propagated in the TDAB glass waveguide were recorded by a prism-coupling system. The finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) was carried out to simulate the guiding characteristics of the TDAB glass waveguide. The TDAB glass waveguide allows the light propagation with a single-mode at 1.539 mm and can serve as a potential candidate for future waveguide isolators..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 392 (2019)
Airy-like field under high numerical aperture optical system
Yong LIU, Zhifeng ZHANG, and Cuifang KUANG
The tightly focused field of an incident light beam through cubic phase modulation has been investigated by vectorial diffraction theory. For different modulation index of cubic phase and polarization states of the incident light, the focused fields have been presented. The results show that the Airy-like field can be The tightly focused field of an incident light beam through cubic phase modulation has been investigated by vectorial diffraction theory. For different modulation index of cubic phase and polarization states of the incident light, the focused fields have been presented. The results show that the Airy-like field can be produced by cubic phase modulation under high numerical aperture (NA) optical system. Intensity pattern and length of the main lobe are depended on modulation index for the spatial uniform polarization, and the Airy-like field is affected by polarization state for the spatial nonuniform polarization. It is helpful to structure new optical fields in optical manipulation, optical imaging, and surface plasma controlling..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 397 (2019)
Experimental and simulation assessments of underwater light propagation
Fatah ALMABOUADA, Manuel Adler ABREU, Joo M. P. COELHO, and Kamal Eddine AIADI
This paper investigates the light propagation through several types of water by experimental and simulation. The Zemax-ray tracing software allowed to simulate the propagation of light in water and to observe the receiver response by reproducing the real conditions of propagation. The underwater environment has been reThis paper investigates the light propagation through several types of water by experimental and simulation. The Zemax-ray tracing software allowed to simulate the propagation of light in water and to observe the receiver response by reproducing the real conditions of propagation. The underwater environment has been reproduced by a 1.2 m long water tube and 20 cm in diameter with a glass window fitted on one side. The use of tap water with different amounts of sand leads toward three types of water with different attenuation coefficients (0.133, 0.343, 0.580 m–1). The light transmission in the three types of water was experimentally evaluated using a doubled Nd:YAG laser with energy of 4.3 mJ and a pulse width of 20 ns. Comparisons were done between simulation and experimental results..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 405 (2019)
Robot visual guide with Fourier-Mellin based visual tracking
Chao PENG, Danhua CAO, Yubin WU, and Qun YANG
Robot vision guide is an important research area in industrial automation, and image-based target pose estimation is one of the most challenging problems. We focus on target pose estimation and present a solution based on the binocular stereo vision in this paper. To improve the robustness and speed of pose estimation,Robot vision guide is an important research area in industrial automation, and image-based target pose estimation is one of the most challenging problems. We focus on target pose estimation and present a solution based on the binocular stereo vision in this paper. To improve the robustness and speed of pose estimation, we propose a novel visual tracking algorithm based on Fourier-Mellin transform to extract the target region. We evaluate the proposed tracking algorithm on online tracking benchmark-50 (OTB-50) and the results show that it outperforms other lightweight trackers, especially when the target is rotated or scaled. The final experiment proves that the improved pose estimation approach can achieve a position accuracy of 1.84 mm and a speed of 7 FPS (frames per second). Besides, this approach is robust to the variances of illumination and can work well in the range of 250-700 lux..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 413 (2019)
Heuristic polling sequence to enhance sleep count of EPON
Bhargav Ram RAYAPATI, and Nakkeeran RANGASWAMY
Next-generation passive optical networks (PONs) demand power conservation to create a green environment. A reduction in power consumption of the traditional Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) can be achieved by increasing the sleep count in optical network units (ONUs). In this paper, this is accomplished by introNext-generation passive optical networks (PONs) demand power conservation to create a green environment. A reduction in power consumption of the traditional Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) can be achieved by increasing the sleep count in optical network units (ONUs). In this paper, this is accomplished by introducing a first-in-last-out (FILO) polling sequence in the place of a fixed polling sequence to increase the number of ONUs entering sleep mode (sleep count). In a fixed polling sequence, the optical line terminal (OLT) allocates idle time to the ONUs based on the overall load of the ONUs. This leads to a situation that whenever the idle time does not meet the wakeup time threshold of sleep mode, the ONUs are put into doze/active mode, which consumes more power. In the FILO polling sequence, the first polled ONU in the current cycle is made to be polled last in the following cycle. Polling continues in this way, and by this rearrangement, the idle time of delayed poll ONUs increases; hence, it helps to reduce the power consumption. Additionally, a modified load adaptive sequence arrangement (MLASA) method is suggested, where the ONUs are categorized into doze ONUs and sleep ONUs. A numerical simulation of the FILO polling sequence with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) ONU shows a maximum reduction in power consumption of 15.5 Wand a 20% improvement in energy savings compared with the traditional fixed polling sequence. The MLASA method results in better power consumption with minimum delay than that of the proposed FILO and existing LASA methods..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 422 (2019)
Improved offline multi-objective routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks
Harpreet KAUR, and Munish RATTAN
Optical networks act as a backbone for coming generation high speed applications. These applications demand a very high bandwidth which can be exploited with the use of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. The issue of setting light paths for the traffic demands is routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) Optical networks act as a backbone for coming generation high speed applications. These applications demand a very high bandwidth which can be exploited with the use of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. The issue of setting light paths for the traffic demands is routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem. Based on the type of traffic patterns, it can be categorized as offline or online RWA. In this paper, an effective solution to offline (static) routing and wavelength assignment is presented considering multiple objectives simultaneously. Initially, the flower pollination (FP) technique is utilized. Then the problem is extended with the parallel hybrid technique with flower pollination and intelligent water drop algorithm (FPIWDA). Further, FPIWD is hybrid in parallel with simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to propose a parallel hybrid algorithm FPIWDSA. The results obtained through extensive simulation show the superiority of FPIWD as compared to FP. Moreover, the results in terms of blocking probability with respect to wavelengths and load of FPIWDSA are more propitious than FP and FPIWD..
Frontiers of Optoelectronics
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 4, 433 (2019)
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