1. Microstructures and constituents of MBGS and MBGSSI(a) XRD patterns of MBGS and MBGSSI; (b, c) FT-IR spectra (b) and TG curves (c) of MBGS, MBGSSI and γ-MPS; (d, e) TEM images of MBGS (d) and MBGSSI (e)
2. (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (b) corresponding pore size distributions of MBGS, and (c) schematic diagram of the surface silanization
3. (a) XPS spectra of MBGS and MBGSSI, XPS spectra of C1s in MBGSSI at etching depths of (b) 0 and (c) 100 nm
4. Dispersity of MBGS and MBGSSI in MMA at (a) initial or for (b) 5 min, (c) 1 h, (d) 3 h and (e) 5 h
5. SEM images of (a, b) PMMA, (c, d) MBGS/PMMA and (e, f) MBGSSI/PMMA
6. SEM images and EDS patterns of (a, b) PMMA, (c, d) MBGS/PMMA and (e, f) MBGSSI/PMMA, and (g) XRD patterns of PMMA, MBGS/PMMA, MBGSSI/PMMA
Sample | Specific surface area/(m2•g-1)
| Average pore diameter/nm
| Total pore volume/(mL•g-1)
|
---|
MBGS | 84.047 | 33.9676 | 0.7137 | MBGSSI | 227.856 | 10.22 | 0.5822 |
|
Table 1. Specific surface area, average pore diameter and total pore volume of MBGS and MBGSSI
Sample | C1s/% | O1s/% | Si2p/% | B1s/% | Ca2p/% |
---|
MBGS | 5.02 | 72.38 | 5.27 | 2.71 | 14.62 | MBGSSI 0 nm | 7.91 | 70.26 | 5.68 | 2.27 | 13.88 | MBGSSI 100 nm | 5.32 | 68.88 | 6.81 | 2.25 | 16.74 |
|
Table 2. Atomic concentrations of MBGS, MBGSSI and MBGSSI (etching depth at 100 nm)
Sample | Dough time/s
| Setting time/min
| Peak temperature/℃ | Compressive strength/MPa
| Compressive modulus/MPa
| Flexural strength/MPa | Flexural modulus/MPa
|
---|
PMMA | 287.5±7.8 | 11.38±0.37 | 49.15±1.45 | 70.01±1.85 | 878.67±55.84 | 67.75±1.88 | 2925.05±144.71 | MBGS/PMMA | 136.0±2.8 | 14.77±0.07 | 40.65±0.25 | 71.22±2.20 | 1029.66±63.54 | 44.53±2.59 | 4003.19±125.79 | MBGSSI/PMMA | 174.0±5.7 | 18.97±0.20 | 38.40±0.4 | 81.77±1.45 | 1091.50±75.64 | 59.42±4.34 | 3330.03±214.02 |
|
Table 3. Setting and mechanical properties of PMMA, MBGS/PMMA and MBGSSI/PMMA bone cements