In order to simplify the system structure, a variable long-distance transmitter-receiver shared refractive optical system is designed by combining the laser transmitting system with the imaging receiving optical system. The system uses a spectroscope to separate 1064 nm laser and visible light. By adjusting the focal plane of the imaging system and the front lens position of the transmitting system, it can transmit laser to objects in the range of 300～2000 m and receive image. Combining the two functions, the miniaturization and lightweight of laser optical system are realized by means of transmitting and receiving through a common optical path. According to the PW method, the initial structure of the front and rear lenses of the main optical path is designed and optimized using Zemax software, which greatly improves the imaging quality of the receiving system and energy concentration of the emitting laser. The final design result meets the design requirements. In the object distance range from 300 m to 2000 m, the emitted spot size of the system is reasonable and it can be clearly imaged.