Author Affiliations
1College of Automatic Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China2Zhengtai Instrument (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang, China3Shanghai Enflame Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. 3D measurement frame diagram of orange based on adaptive co-opposite-direction slicing method
Fig. 2. Point cloud data acquisition system
Fig. 3. Complete point cloud model of registered oranges in different coordinate systems
Fig. 4. Height and diameter of the orange simulation model
Fig. 5. Schematic of positive and opposite cutting of orange model. (a) Slicing from top to bottom; (b) slicing from bottom to top
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of k-nearest neighbor concave hull algorithm (k=3)
Fig. 7. Adaptive slicing of point cloud
Fig. 8. Pictures of the orange. (a) Simulation model; (b) real orange
Fig. 9. Measurement of shape index of the orange. (a) Height; (b) D1; (c) D2; (d) volume
Fig. 10. Relative error of the orange shape index
Fig. 11. Calculation results of orange shape indexes under Ⅰ and Ⅱ. (a) Height; (b) D1; (c) D2; (d) volume
Name | Precision | Range | Number |
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Vernier caliper | 0.01 mm | 150 mm | 1 | Beaker | 1 mL | 1000 mL | 2 | Graduated cylinder | 1 mL | 500,1000 mL | 2 | Iron stick | - | - | 1 |
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Table 1. Materials needed for experiments
Parameter | Height /mm | D1 /mm | D2 /mm | Volume /mL |
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Calculated value | 80.71 | 81.51 | 81.71 | 247.89 | RE /% | 0.21 | 0.89 | 1.89 | 2.14 |
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Table 2. Measurement result of the orange simulation model appearance indicators
Dataset | Height | D1 | D2 | Volume |
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R2 | RMSE /mm | ME /mm | T /s | R2 | RMSE /mm | ME /mm | T /s | R2 | RMSE /mm | ME /mm | T /s | R2 | RMSE /mm | ME /mm | T /s |
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Ⅰ Ⅱ | 0.980 | 1.210 | 1.215 | 0.115 | 0.974 | 1.265 | 1.203 | 0.115 | 0.970 | 1.308 | 1.399 | 0.115 | 0.987 | 5.537 | 3.944 | 7.826 | 0.979 | 1.213 | 1.242 | 0.122 | 0.976 | 1.258 | 1.387 | 0.122 | 0.968 | 1.313 | 1.374 | 0.122 | 0.979 | 7.223 | 4.245 | 8.354 |
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Table 3. Measurement results of orange shape parameters
Dataset | Method | Height | D1 | D2 | Volume |
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R2 | RMSE /mm | R2 | RMSE /mm | R2 | RMSE /mm | R2 | RMSE /mm |
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Ⅰ | Ref.[8] Ref.[29] Ref.[7] Proposed | 0.919 0.945 - 0.980 | 1.908 1.466 - 1.210 | 0.965 0.945 - 0.974 | 1.262 1.462 - 1.265 | 0.927 0.945 - 0.970 | 1.805 1.466 - 1.308 | - 0.951 0.988 0.987 | - 5.856 5.534 5.537 | Ⅱ | Ref.[8] Ref.[29] Ref.[7] Proposed | 0.918 0.948 - 0.979 | 1.907 1.462 - 1.213 | 0.962 0.948 - 0.976 | 1.260 1.462 - 1.258 | 0.930 0.948 - 0.968 | 1.822 1.462 - 1.313 | - 0.945 0.974 0.979 | - 5.904 5.499 7.223 |
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Table 4. Measurement error comparison of orange shape parameters under different methods