Elastography is a technique based on Young′s modulus, shear modulus,stain and stress in soft tissue. With the development of optical coherent tomography (OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE) becomes popular because of its micron meter level resolution, real- time image processing and noninvasive imaging. The classification of OCE, several kinds of dominant OCE and elastography reconstruction are reviewed. The method of applying mechanical load and estimating displacement and strain is discussed. OCE has a great potential in detecting the clinical and pathological mechanical properties, especially in the diagnosis of cancer, cardiovascular disease and eye disease. The research development of OCE is summarized and its prospect is also discussed.