Author Affiliations
11. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China22. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China33. Jiaozuo Banlv Nano Materials Engineering Co., Ltd, Jiaozuo 454000, Chinashow less
1. XRD patterns and elements composition of as-prepared LKMO-n
2. SEM images of LKMO-0 (a, c) and LKMO-1 (b, d), EDS mappings for LKMO-1 (e) (rectangular area)
3. (a) XPS full spectrum of LKMO-1, and High-resolution Mn2p XPS spectra of LKMO-0 (b) and LKMO-1 (c)
4. Rate performances of LKMO-n
5. CV curves of LKMO-0 (a) and LKMO-1 (b) at different scan rates, and plots of ip versus v1/2 for redox reaction (c)
6. EIS spectra of LKMO-0 and LKMO-1
7. XRD patterns of LKMO-0 and LKMO-1 after 5 cycles at 0.2C and 10C rate
8. SEM images of LKMO-0 (a, c, d) and LKMO-1 (b, e) after 30 cycles
S1. First charge/discharge curves of LKMO-0 (a) and LKMO-1 (b) at different rates
S2. Fitting curves of Z′ versus ω-1/2 of LKMO-0 and LKMO-1
S3. Fitting curves of B2cos2θ versus sin2θ for LKMO-0 and LKMO-1
Sample | d(111)/nm
| FWHM(111)/(°)
| I(111)/(311) | a/nm
| V/nm3 | d(Li-O)/nm
| Mn/Li8a | Rwp | S |
---|
LKMO-0 | 0.474 | 0.151 | 1.529 | 0.822 | 0.556 | 0.187 | 2.53% | 10.23 | 1.13 | LKMO-1 | 0.476 | 0.166 | 1.585 | 0.824 | 0.561 | 0.189 | 2.29% | 10.97 | 1.13 | LKMO-2 | 0.476 | 0.177 | 1.876 | 0.825 | 0.563 | 0.193 | 2.27% | 10.53 | 1.07 | LKMO-3 | 0.477 | 0.179 | 1.678 | 0.826 | 0.564 | 0.191 | 2.23% | 10.91 | 1.15 |
|
Table 1. Detailed crystal structural parameters for LKMO-n
Sample | Particle size distribution/μm | SBET/(m2·g-1)
|
---|
d10 | d50 | d90 |
---|
LKMO-0 | 1.49 | 9.23 | 26.1 | 1.60 | LKMO-1 | 1.71 | 8.27 | 24.9 | 1.34 |
|
Table 1. Particle size distributions and specific surface areas of LKMO-0 and LKMO-1
Sample | Molar concentration/(mmol·L-1)
| Molar ratio |
---|
Li | K | Mn | Li/K/Mn |
---|
LKMO-0 | 5.895 | - | 10.452 | 1.128/-/2 | LKMO-1 | 5.914 | 0.055 | 10.775 | 1.097/0.010/2 | LKMO-2 | 5.805 | 0.101 | 10.668 | 1.088/0.019/2 | LKMO-3 | 5.716 | 0.154 | 10.546 | 1.084/0.029/2 |
|
Table 2. Elemental contents of LKMO-n
Sample | Before
charging
| After charging/
discharging
| DLi+
/(cm2·s-1)
|
---|
Rs/Ω
| Rct/Ω
| Rs/Ω
| Rct/Ω
|
---|
LKMO-0 | 4.22 | 193.91 | 6.43 | 176.00 | 1.20×10-11 | LKMO-1 | 3.59 | 72.62 | 7.92 | 63.25 | 2.35×10-11 |
|
Table 2. Fitting results of EIS and diffusion coefficients of Li-ions of LKMO-0 and LKMO-1
Sample | Condition | a/nm
| d(111)/nm
| 2θ(111)/(°)
| FWHM(111)/(°)
| I(111)/(311) | L/nm
| Strain/% | ΔStrain/%
|
---|
LKMO-0 | 0.2C, 5th
| 0.822 | 0.474 | 18.661 | 0.148 | 1.385 | 62.7 | 0.153 | 0.139 | 10C, 5th
| 0.813 | 0.469 | 18.823 | 0.155 | 1.663 | 68.0 | 0.292 | LKMO-1 | 0.2C, 5th
| 0.824 | 0.476 | 18.679 | 0.171 | 1.394 | 51.0 | 0.338 | 0.020 | 10C, 5th
| 0.822 | 0.474 | 18.679 | 0.165 | 1.393 | 51.5 | 0.358 |
|
Table 3. Crystal structural parameters of LKMO-0 and LKMO-1 after 5 cycles at 0.2C and 10C
Sample | Average specific discharge capacity/ (mAh·g-1)
|
---|
0.2C | 0.5C | 1C | 2C | 5C | 10C | 0.2C |
---|
LKMO-0 | 106.33 | 97.27 | 90.39 | 77.54 | 48.86 | 27.90 | 102.40 | LKMO-1 | 100.11 | 99.15 | 97.21 | 93.37 | 82.66 | 56.59 | 96.83 | LKMO-2 | 106.09 | 101.47 | 90.60 | 72.37 | 44.12 | 24.11 | 103.69 | LKMO-3 | 102.89 | 100.32 | 91.89 | 65.63 | 37.16 | 16.98 | 98.14 |
|
Table 3. Rate performances of LKMO-n
Sample | Charge-discharge efficiency/% |
---|
0.2C | 0.5C | 1C | 2C | 5C | 10C |
---|
LKMO-0 | 87.88 | 90.86 | 90.97 | 88.81 | 76.81 | 56.76 | LKMO-1 | 94.54 | 98.46 | 96.65 | 94.79 | 85.18 | 63.53 |
|
Table 4. Charge-discharge efficiency at different rates for LKMO-0 and LKMO-1