Enyuan Zhou, Yueqin Cao, Jianping Shi, Bo Chang, Jinhui Zhang, Wenhou Lu, Zhang Zhang, Meihua Xing, and Guojun Lu
Fig. 1. Diagram of 32 mm focal length optical system with fixed stop position scheme
Fig. 2. Diagram of 126 mm focal length optical system with fixed stop position scheme
Fig. 3. Diagram of 32 mm focal length optical system with switchable stop position scheme
Fig. 4. Diagram of 126 mm focal length optical system with switchable stop position scheme
Fig. 5. MTF curves of 32 mm focal length with fixed stop position scheme
Fig. 6. MTF curves of 126 mm focal length with fixed stop position scheme
Fig. 7. MTF curves of 32 mm focal length with switchable stop position scheme
Fig. 8. MTF curves of 126 mm focal length with switchable stop position scheme
Fig. 9. Distortion curve of 32 mm focal length
Fig. 10. Distortion curve of 126 mm focal length
Fig. 11. Spot diagrams of 32 mm focal length
Fig. 12. Spot diagrams of 126 mm focal length
Fig. 13. Curves of tolerance analysis at short focal length
Fig. 14. Curves of tolerance analysis at long focal length
Parameters | Specifications | Horizontal field angle/(°) | ≥12(Detection)≥3(Recognition) | Dimension of target/m | 4.6×2.3(Equivalent length: 3.3) | Operating range/km | ≥5 | Atmospheric visibility/km | ≥10 | Ambient illuminance/lux | ≥300 | Distortion | ≤0.5%(Detection) |
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Table 1. Related optical indicators of observing and sighting system
Parameters | Specifications | Image sensor | 1/1.9 in CMOS image sensor | Valid pixels | 1 920(H) ×1080(V)
| Pixel size | 3.75 μm(H)×3.75 μm(V)
| Minimal illumination | 0.1 lx |
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Table 2. Related specifications of the CMOS image sensor used
Parameters | Short focal length | Long focal length | Spectral range/nm | 486 - 656 | Effective focal length/mm | 32 | 126 | Fnumber
| 3.5 | Object space angle/(°) | 12.96 × 7.22 | 3.24 × 1.82 | Total optical length/mm | 170 | Maximal effective aperture/mm | Φ52
| Focal length of zoom group/mm | -42.30 | Zoom stroke/mm | 62.60 |
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Table 3. Specific parameters of optical system with fixed stop position scheme
Parameters | Short focal length | Long focal length | Spectral range/nm | 486 - 656 | Effective focal length/mm | 32 | 126 | F number
| 2.3 | 3 | Object space angle/(°) | 13.18 × 7.30 | 3.28 × 1.84 | Total optical length/mm | 150 | Maximal effective aperture/mm | Φ42
| Focal length of zoom group/mm | -24.29 | Zoom stroke/mm | 35.97 |
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Table 4. Specific parameters of optical system with switchable stop position scheme
Items | Value | Refractive index/mm | 1×10−4-5×10−4 | Abbe-number | 0.3%-0.5% | Homogeneity/mm | 2×10−6-5×10−6 |
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Table 5. Material tolerances
Items | Value | Fringe power/λ | 1-2 | Surface irregularity/λ | 0.2-0.5 | Central thickness/mm | 0.02-0.05 | Wedge/mm | 0.005-0.01 |
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Table 6. Manufacturing tolerances(λ=546.1 nm)
Items | Value | Airspace/mm | 0.02-0.05 | Tilt/rad | 0.0005-0.001 | Decenter & Roll/mm | 0.02-0.05 |
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Table 7. Alignment tolerances