In the study of the color visual mechanism of color deficiency, the color types of each subject are detected and classified before experiment. 7 color deficiency subjects (three protanopes, one protanomalous, two deuteranomalous and one deuteranope) are participated in the test including pseudo-isochromatic plate tests (Ishihara and standard pseudo-isochromatic plates), hue ordering tests (Farnsworth D-15 and Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test) and quantitative measurement of color discrimination ability test(Cambridge color test). In comparison of test results with those of anomaloscope, the advantages and disadvantages of each test tool are analyzed. On this foundation, the procedure for detection and classification of color deficiency before vision experiments is described.