The detection and classification of color deficiency is frequently required in occupational physical examination, computer-aided recognition systems for color deficiency, and basic research on color vision mechanisms. Twenty-two color deficient subjects (eight deuteranopes, two protanopes, six deuteranomalous trichromats, and six protanomalous trichromats) were tested using D-15, FM 100-Hue, and Neitz anomaloscope tests. By comparing the test results of D-15 and FM 100-Hue with those of the anomaloscope, the limitations of hue tests in detecting and classifying color deficiency were revealed. This study provides a reference for detecting and classifying color deficiency in various applications.