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    Journals >Laser & Optoelectronics Progress >Volume 58 >Issue 6 >Page 610010 > Article
    • Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
    • Vol. 58, Issue 6, 610010 (2021)
    Multi-Focus Image Fusion with Filter Operator and Double Scale Decomposition
    Tian Shuai1, Ren Yafei1, Shao Xinye1、2, and Shao Jianlong1、*
    Author Affiliations
  • 1Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
  • 2College of Engineering & Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP202158.0610010 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Tian Shuai, Ren Yafei, Shao Xinye, Shao Jianlong. Multi-Focus Image Fusion with Filter Operator and Double Scale Decomposition[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(6): 610010 Copy Citation Text show less
    Flow chart of fusion algorithm
    Fig. 1. Flow chart of fusion algorithm
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    Images after pretreatment. (a) Filtered images; (b) binary images of filtered image; (c) differential images
    Fig. 2. Images after pretreatment. (a) Filtered images; (b) binary images of filtered image; (c) differential images
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    Double scale decomposition and mixing. (a)(b) Source image; (c) small-scale focusing diagram; (d) large-scale focusing diagram; (e) initial decision diagram
    Fig. 3. Double scale decomposition and mixing. (a)(b) Source image; (c) small-scale focusing diagram; (d) large-scale focusing diagram; (e) initial decision diagram
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    Results of different r values processing
    Fig. 4. Results of different r values processing
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    Results of guided filtering and fusion. (a) Refined decision graph; (b) refined fusion graph; (c) final decision graph; (d) fusion result
    Fig. 5. Results of guided filtering and fusion. (a) Refined decision graph; (b) refined fusion graph; (c) final decision graph; (d) fusion result
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    Images of part of common dataset used in experiment
    Fig. 6. Images of part of common dataset used in experiment
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    Decision graphs and fusion results obtained by different detection methods. (a) I1; (b) MWGF; (c) Ref. [24]; (d) CNN; (e) Ref. [27]; (f) GFDF; (g) proposed algorithm
    Fig. 7. Decision graphs and fusion results obtained by different detection methods. (a) I1; (b) MWGF; (c) Ref. [24]; (d) CNN; (e) Ref. [27]; (f) GFDF; (g) proposed algorithm
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    Residual images between I1 and fused image obtained by different algorithms. (a1)(a2) I1; (b1)(b2) NSCT_SR; (c1)(c2) MGFF; (d1)(d2) proposed algorithm
    Fig. 8. Residual images between I1 and fused image obtained by different algorithms. (a1)(a2) I1; (b1)(b2) NSCT_SR; (c1)(c2) MGFF; (d1)(d2) proposed algorithm
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    Residual images between focused image and fused image obtained by proposed algorithm
    Fig. 9. Residual images between focused image and fused image obtained by proposed algorithm
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    Influence of w on fusion index
    Fig. 10. Influence of w on fusion index
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    Influence of r on fusion index
    Fig. 11. Influence of r on fusion index
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    Influence of ε on fusion index
    Fig. 12. Influence of ε on fusion index
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    AlgorithmQMIQNCIEQMQYQCB
    MWGF1.0090(2)0.8347(3)1.8367(2)0.9630(5)0.7787(0)
    NSCT_SR0.8576(0)0.8262(0)1.3697(0)0.9384(0)0.7344(0)
    CNN1.0276(2)0.8355(2)1.8118(0)0.9634(1)0.7874(2)
    Ref. [24]1.0317(1)0.8359(1)1.8422(0)0.9629(6)0.7885(1)
    MGFF0.7355(1)0.8207(1)0.5553(1)0.8639(0)0.6566(0)
    GFDF1.0348(4)0.8359(4)1.8777(7)0.9633(4)0.7901(12)
    Ref. [27]1.0348(8)0.8360(7)1.8801(5)0.9649(8)0.7896(5)
    Proposed algorithm1.0358(9)0.8361(9)1.8829(12)0.9651(3)0.7893(7)
    Table 1. Comprehensive evaluation results of 27 groups of color images
    AlgorithmQMIQNCIEQMQYQCB
    MWGF0.9479(2)0.8273(2)1.1900(1)0.8632(3)0.7245(2)
    NSCT_SR0.8661(0)0.8240(0)1.0160(0)0.8361(0)0.6951(0)
    CNN1.0297(5)0.8281(6)1.4856(2)0.8949(4)0.7336(2)
    Ref. [24]0.9567(2)0.8276(2)1.1898(0)0.8611(0)0.7260(0)
    MGFF0.7616(0)0.8204(0)0.5516(0)0.7622(0)0.6225(0)
    GFDF0.9565(1)0.8275(1)1.1998(1)0.8643(1)0.7298(4)
    Ref. [27]0.9617(1)0.8277(0)1.2212(4)0.8637(2)0.7308(3)
    Proposed algorithm0.9667(2)0.8321(2)1.2220(5)0.8740(3)0.7552(2)
    Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation results of 13 gray scale images
    Image type(number)Image size/(pixel×pixel)MWGFNSCT_SRRef. [24]CNNMGFFGFDFRef. [27]Proposedalgorithm
    Gray(8)512×512640×4804.20159.484.17154.090.800.482.130.37
    Color(15)520×5209.83166.143.85131.222.210.462.010.49
    Table 3. Average time calculated by different algorithms unit: s
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    Tian Shuai, Ren Yafei, Shao Xinye, Shao Jianlong. Multi-Focus Image Fusion with Filter Operator and Double Scale Decomposition[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(6): 610010
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    Paper Information
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