Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of solar structure

Fig. 2. An evolution series of photospheric magnetogram of NOAA 9077 obtained by SMFT

Fig. 3. China’s first solar observation satellite to be launched-Advanced Space based Solar Observatory (ASO-S)^[7]

Fig. 4. (a) Longitudinal magnetic field with high spatial resolution obtained by Hinode/SP; (b) Strong transverse magnetic field

Fig. 5. Photospheric vector magnetograms of NOAA 11158 obtained by SDO/HMI and images obtained by the vector magnetic field^[9]. (a) Longitudinal magnetogram of NOAA 11158; (b) Vector magnetogram of the region marked by the yellow rectangle in Fig.(a); (c) Magnetic field lines induced by NLFFF model based on observed vector magnetic filed; (d) Current density image of NOAA 11158 obtained by the vector magnetic field

Fig. 6. Magnetic structure of the sun and solar-terrestrial space