Recently, with the large-scale popularization of Light Emitting Diode (LED), Visible Light Communication (VLC) with LED as the emission light source has developed rapidly. This technology has the advantages of rich spectrum resources, no electromagnetic radiation, high confidentiality and deep coupling with lighting. As one of the important applications of visible light communication, visible light indoor positioning technology has attracted extensive attention of researchers. Among many indoor location methods, the location method based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) is the easiest to implement without additional hardware equipment. It is widely used in the field of indoor location. In the existing literature, the research of visible light positioning technology based on RSS mainly focuses on the multiple light sources model, however, due to the influence of channel attenuation on the received signal, the positioning accuracy is not high when the target receiver is located in the corner area. To solve this problem, an adaptive visible light location algorithm based on region division is proposed. Based on the analysis of single light source and multiple light sources localization algorithms, a two light sources localization algorithm based on symmetrical structure receiver is designed to make up for the localization error in the edge region. The mirror solution generated in the localization of two light sources is eliminated by using the receiver with this special structure. According to the error distribution characteristics of the above three algorithms in the positioning plane, the fairness function is constructed, and combined with the Lambert model, the positioning region is divided into multiple sub regions. In the positioning stage, the receiver area is roughly judged according to the characteristics of the received signal to achieve rough positioning, and then the positioning algorithm with better performance is adaptively selected to achieve accurate positioning. The simulation results show that at 5 m×5 m×3 m indoor environment, the average positioning error of the algorithm is about 2.5 cm, which is improved by 46%, 24% and 55% respectively compared with single light source, two light sources and multiple light sources positioning algorithms. Further, at 1.5 m×1.5 m×2 m indoor environment, an actual visible light positioning system is built, four synchronous label code signals are generated by Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), and the LED light source is driven by the amplification circuit. The receiver uses Photoelectrical Detector (PD) to obtain the signal, the Microcontroller Unit (MCU) decodes it, and then realizes the positioning through the corresponding positioning algorithm. The experimental results show that 94% of the test points achieve the positioning accuracy of 5 cm. The positioning errors at the four corners of the positioning area are 3.2 cm, 3.4 cm, 3.5 cm and 2.8 cm respectively. Compared with the traditional multiple light sources location algorithm, the location error of edge and corner region is greatly improved. This research provides a new method for visible light positioning system, which can significantly improve the positioning accuracy at the cost of low complexity. It has potential research value in the field of visible light communication and positioning.