As an important gas sensing technology to achieve high-efficiency and high-precision measurement of trace gas concentrations, photoacoustic spectroscopy is widely used in atmospheric environment detection, power system fault diagnosis in medical and health diagnosis. This paper introduces the basic principle of trace gas concentration measurement by photoacoustic spectroscopy, and the mechanism of applying photoacoustic effect to realize trace gas concentration measurement is briefly described. At the same time, trace gases based on photoacoustic spectroscopy are introduced. Structure of the concentration measuring device. Secondly, starting from the theoretical analysis of photoacoustic signal intensity, the research hotspots of domestic and foreign scholars in photoacoustic spectroscopy trace gas concentration measurement are drawn. In order to realize the stronger anti-interference ability of the trace gas concentration measurement device based on photoacoustic spectroscopy technology, more compact structure, lower detection limit, and higher detection sensitivity, the research focus of domestic and foreign scholars can be summarized as the following three points: (1) Selection and design of radiation light source to achieve better output wavelength of radiation light source, Wider tuning range, higher output power of radiation source. (2) Better photoacoustic cell design to achieve more efficient acoustic energy accumulation, more compact structure and stronger anti-interference ability. (3) The design of the sound-sensitive detector to achieve higher sound sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. This paper introduces the three core components of the trace gas concentration measurement device based on photoacoustic spectroscopy in detail: radiation light source, mainly introduces the application research progress of coherent light source and incoherent light source; photoacoustic cell, mainly introduces the design principle of photoacoustic cell And the application research progress of non-resonant and resonant photoacoustic cells; Microphone, mainly introduces the application research progress of condenser microphone and piezoelectric microphone, and briefly introduces the recent research hot spot quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy technologys introduction. While introducing the current research progress in the application of radiation light sources, photoacoustic cells and microphones, the advantages of each component and the problems to be solved are analyzed. Finally, the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio, complex structure, detection sensitivity and lower detection limit are easily affected by cross-interference between mixed gases in the application of photoacoustic spectroscopy technology in trace gas concentration measurement. The development trend of the three core elements in the paper: radiation light source, photoacoustic cell, and microphone is prospected.