Tongyu Liu, Li Li, Ya’nan Wang, Yihan Tian, Yuyang Zhao, Yihuan Wang, Yuheng He, Wei Meng, Linglong Cai, Zhiqin Ma, Xingwen Li, Weidong Ding. Research progress on power system effects in late-time high-altitude electromagnetic pulses environment[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2024, 36(5): 055020
- High Power Laser and Particle Beams
- Vol. 36, Issue 5, 055020 (2024)
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the HEMP E3A and E3B
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the coupling path of E3 to power grid
Fig. 3. E3 waveform given by the IEC standard
Fig. 4. E3A and E3B benchmark waveforms to be used for susceptibility testing
Fig. 5. Calculation of electric field distribution using a 1D conductivity model
Fig. 6. Calculation process of geomagnetically induced ground electric field under HEMP E3 conditions
Fig. 7. Failure chain sketch of E3 on power system
Fig. 8. Output current waveform-excitation characteristic curve diagram
Fig. 9. Peak breaker recovery voltage as a function of system phase angles for various GICs
Fig. 10. Transformer DC bias laboratory testing system
Fig. 11. Simulation of a three-phase line with pulser in the transformer neutral conductor
Fig. 12. Simulation of a three-phase line with pulser along the line
Fig. 13. E3 effect simulation injection current source of Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Fig. 14. DTRA MHD-E3 project test site images
Fig. 15. Effect test line structure for transmission level lines
Fig. 16. Relationship between harmonic amplitude and simulated injected geomagnetic induction current in DTRA experiments
Fig. 17. Multi-bus GIC example based on PowerWorld model
Fig. 18. Variation in load bus voltage for various electric field ramp rates and various electric field voltage
Fig. 19. Shematic of 42 bus test case
Fig. 20. Schematic diagram of a 750 kV power grid in northwest China
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Table 1. Value of k 1 for different designs
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