Chirality, a fundamental property of substances, is widely present in physical, chemical, and biological systems. Recent studies have made considerable progress on chiral interactions between light and matter, thereby opening up new research directions for quantum optics and information technology. In chiral interactions, the polarization state of the localized light field is closely associated with its propagation direction, thereby achieving nonreciprocal light-matter coupling. This phenomenon breaks through the fundamental assumption of time-reversal symmetry in traditional quantum optics. Consequently, it has yielded a series of novel chiral quantum optical platforms and technologies, including chiral quantum state transfer, deterministic spin photon interfaces, and complex quantum network construction. These advances not only promote the development of multi-quantum state superposition manipulation and direction-dependent state storage technology but also facilitate significant breakthroughs in fields such as quantum communication, computing, and simulation. However, the widespread application of chiral quantum optics is still plagued by several challenges. For example, the designing of efficient chiral interfaces, suppression of photon loss, and characterization of chiral interactions in complex systems are certain major issues that need urgent attention. This article reviews the latest research progress on chiral quantum optics and its applications in quantum information science. Furthermore, the possible future development directions and their potential impacts are explored in detail.