In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of the mid-infrared spectra containing the ¹³CO₂ strong absorption with a transmission model of scanning imaging absorption (SCIATRAN) and a high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN). We found that the ¹³CO₂ absorption was more obvious in the mid-infrared band than in the near-infrared and thermal infrared bands; the mid-infrared band was extremely sensitive to changes in the CO₂ concentration in the 5--15 km middle and upper troposphere. Atmospheric convection and exchange make the change in the CO₂ concentration in the middle and upper layers closely related to the near-surface. The analysis of the spectral characteristics indicates that the main factors affecting CO₂ retrieval are water vapor, temperature, and nitrous oxide. Furthermore, we retrieved the ¹³CO₂ concentration with satellite remote sensing data and provided the necessary conditions for retrieval. Specifically, the profiles of water vapor, temperature, and nitrous oxide should respectively have the precision of 50×10 ^-6, above 0.03 K, and above 5×10 ^-9; the signal-to-noise ratio of the instruments needs to be higher than 600. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for ¹³CO₂ detection with satellite remote sensing and put forward requirements for indicators for future hyperspectral detector manufacturing. As such, we can better control the CO₂ source, sink, and transmission laws and grasp the global carbon cycle budget.