Aiming at the problem of covering absorption and protection coatings on turbine case parts during laser shock processing, a compound technology was put forward, which used water sand paper to polish out the ablative layer after laser shock processing without coating(LSPwC). The effects of LSPwC on microstructure and mechanical properties of GH3044 alloy were researched, the feasibility of the compound technology was verified. Energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze element composition, the surface microstructure of samples was observed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and metallographic microscope, mechanical properties were studied through residual stress and high cycle fatigue life test. The results show that LSPwC generates an ablative layer on sample surface, which thick 10-15 μm range. Carbon and oxygen are rich in the layer, while the residual and tensile compressive stress alternately exist. The grain and carbide under the ablative layer are even-distributed and refined to different degree; Compared to original samples, LSPwC nearly improves the fatigue life of GH3044 alloy. After polishing out the ablative layer by water sand paper, a residual compressive stress, which is about 510 MPa, is generated on surface and the affected depth is about 1 mm. Besides, the fatigue life is improved to be about 3 times compared to original samples.