As a technology that combines spectral information with spatial information, spectral imaging has been widely concerned in scientific research and engineering applications. The optical field can be modulated efficiently by designing and optimizing the metasurfaces with subwavelength scale features. This article reviews the research progress of spectral imaging based on metasurfaces in recent years. Compared with traditional spectrometers, the compact spectrometers based on metasurfaces have the advantages of smaller volume and simpler optical path, and have greater application potential in small devices. According to different imaging mechanisms, spectral imaging based on metasurfaces can be divided into superdispersion, narrowband filter and broadband filter. The research progress of each imaging mechanism is introduced in detail, and then the application in practical scenarios is summarized. Finally, the development direction and application prospect of spectral imaging of metasurfaces are prospected.