The retrieval of aerosol optical properties and surface albedo based on the POLDER are proposed. POLDER provides the multi-angle data of polarization and radiance of solar radiation reflected by the earth atmosphere-surface system in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths. An algorithm that estimates the aerosol optical properties based on combining radiance with polarization is developed. A look-up table (LUT) is built which is compiled based on doubling-adding vector radiative transfer mode in an atmosphere- ground system. The clouds mask, absorbing gas corrections and stratospheric aerosol correction are considered during the process. Aerosol characteristic and the surface albedo are estimated simultaneously based on comparison of measurements by POLDER with the numerical values of 865 nm band stored in LUT. The obtained results were validated with the POLDER aerosols products supplied by CNES. The retrieval results of aerosol optical properties and surface albedo show that the algorithm is valid.