Leaf nitrogen Concentration(LNC) is an important criterion for determining the nutritional status of rubber trees. Rapid and accurate detection of rubber trees’ leaf nitrogen content is necessary to ensure the growth of rubber trees. In this paper, the leaf nitrogen content of 119 rubber leaves was quantitatively analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy, a high-precision prediction model was established, and the rapid and accurate detection of nitrogen content in rubber leaves was realized. The experimental objects of rubber leaf crops in Hainan were collected. First, the GaiaField-F-N17E spectrometer was used to measure rubber leaves’ near-infrared spectral reflectance data, with a wavelength range of 942nm to 1680nm. Then, abnormal samples in the measured spectral data were eliminated, and three different preprocessing methods were used to transform the data and compare their effects on improving model accuracy. Due to the massive redundant information and highly collinear spectral feature bands in the near-infrared spectral data of rubber leaves, a hybrid variable selection algorithm consisting of machine learning and evolutionary algorithms was proposed. it can effectively eliminate the redundancy and collinearity of spectral features and use the proposed method to extract the 28 bands from all 224 spectral bands effectively. Finally, using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the selected spectral bands were used to establish the LNC estimation model of the rubber leaves. The results show that the spectral curve after multivariate anti-scattering effect (MSC) processing and the estimation model established by the CARS-NNS algorithm performed on the prediction set as follows: the RMSEp reaches 0.116, and the coefficient of determination is 0.116. R2p was 0.951. Both evaluation metrics were better than other models. In conclusion, the prediction model based on NIR spectroscopy and the hybrid learning IMF framework can well reveal the relationship between the spectral data and the nitrogen content of rubber leaves, providing a necessary technology for the nutrient diagnosis of rubber forests. Ensure the good growth of rubber trees to improve the yield and quality of natural rubber.