Optical microscope is widely used in many fields such as life science, biomedicine, clinical diagnosis and material science. But due to the optical diffraction limit, the traditional optical microscope cannot reach the nanoscale resolution, which greatly restricts the development of science and medicine. In recent years, a number of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques are invented to overcome the diffraction barrier and the imaging resolution are improved at various degrees. Among various super high resolution microscopes based on different principles, the stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) reaches the highest spatial resolution, about tens of nanometer, and therefore it can realize the single molecule detection. The principle, experimental method and its application of STORM super resolution microscope are mainly introduced.