Vision-based optical 3D reconstruction method has found wide applications in situations where the detection range is limited, and non-contact methods are preferred, as they offer rich information with minimal scene intervention. This study aims to introduce various methods used for 3D reconstruction, including laser scanning, structured light, moire method, time of flight based on active vision, stereo vision, and structure from motion based on passive vision. In addition, extensive comparisons of these methods are analyzed in detail. Next, the application of optical 3D reconstruction technology in crop information perception research is summarized and discussed. Finally, the study offers future perspectives on optical 3D reconstruction.