Silica aerogel is a kind of nanoporous material with many excellent properties such as high porosity, high specific surface area and low thermal conductivity. It has a wide application prospect in aerospace, chemical, construction and many other fields. However, its intrinsic ceramic brittle structure greatly limits its practical application. For the perspective of strengthening the neck zone of silica aerogel nanoparticles, this review focuses on the research progress of nanoscale network reinforcement methods of silica aerogels by categorizing them as liquid phase and gas phase reinforcement, and explains the enhancement mechanism in these two methods. Finally, the future development direction of nanoscale network reinforcement technology of silica aerogel is prospected.