SiO₂ nanospheres with different particle sizes are self-assembled on polyethylene substrate to form structural color films with different size microspheres. Then, photocurable epoxy resin mixed with rare earth doping strontium aluminate long afterglow material is added to the structural color film. The long afterglow pattern is formed by mask method, and the film is etched with sodium hydroxide solution to prepare a composite anti-counterfeiting film composed of long afterglow and structural color with high stability. The results show that the photonic band gap of the surface photonic crystal structure is used to match the fluorescence band of the bottom’s pattern, the fluorescent pattern at the bottom can be displayed by scraping or wetting. At the same time, the surface structure can be quickly restored by wiping with ethanol and the fluorescent pattern can be hidden again, this method can enable the anti-counterfeiting label to be reused in a rewritable way. In addition, the corroding and bending tests show that the prepared films have strong robustness.