Image quality assessment is the basic research work in the field of ground-based photoelectric detection, which is closely related to other post-processing tasks. The quality representation and index extraction of no-reference and objective adaptive optics images were focused on, and the basic framework and current research status on image quality evaluation were summarized. An adaptive optics image quality perception model based on non-linear energy normalization was proposed. Based on the characteristics of adaptive optics system and human visual perception, two no-reference and objective quality indices were then extracted, which could be used in the frame selection, recovery and other key tasks to achieve automatic image quality evaluation or automatic detection of image content change, the evaluation results and subjective evaluation of human eyes show a favorable consistency.