Laser wireless power transmission (LWPT) technology has advantages such as long transmission, high power density, high conversion efficiency and dispense with energy transmission lines, and it has potential application prospects in the spacecraft, unmanned aerial vehicle, space solar power station and so on. With the technology development of laser and photovoltaic cell, the feasibility of LWPT technology is greatly enhanced. We present the development status and tendency of LWPT technology and analyze the key technologies of LWPT system and the response characteristics of the photovoltaic cell under laser illumination. We design and optimize optoelectronic conversion devices for high power density and specific wavelength laser to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, which can support the practical application of LWPT technology.