Fabrication of Tailored Bragg Gratings by the Phase Mask Dithering/Moving Technique

Miguel MELO; Paulo V. S. MARQUES

doi:10.1007/s13320-012-0087-y

[1] K. O. Hill, Y. Fujii, D. C. Johnson, and B. S. Kawasaki, “Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides: application to reflection filter fabrication,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 647-649, 1978.

[2] G. Meltz, W. W. Morey, and W. H. Glenn, “Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method,” Optics Letters, vol. 14, no. 15, pp. 823-825, 1989.

[3] H. M. Philips, D. L. Callahan, R. Sauerbrey, G. Szabó, and Z. Bor, “Sub-100 nm lines produced by direct laser ablation in polyimide,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 58, no. 24, pp. 2761-2763, 1991.

[4] P. E. Dyer, R. J. Farley, and R. Giedl, “Analysis and application of a 0/1 order Talbot interferometer for 193 nm laser grating formation,” Optics Communications, vol. 129, no. 1-2, pp. 98-108, 1996.

[5] K. O. Hill, B. Malo, K. A. Vineberg, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, and I. Skinner, “Efficient mode conversion in telecommunication fiber using externally written gratings,” Electronics Letters, vol. 26, no. 16, pp. 1270-1272, 1990.

[6] B. Malo, K. O. Hill, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, and J. Albert, “Point-by-point fabrication of micro-Bragg gratings in photosensitive fiber using single excimer pulse refractive index modification techniques,” Electronics Letters, vol. 29, no. 18, pp. 1668-1669, 1993.

[7] A. Martinez, M. Dubov, I. Khrushchev, and I. Bennion, “Direct writing of fiber Bragg gratings by femtosecond laser,” Electronics Letters, vol. 40, no. 19, pp. 1170-1172, 2004.

[8] G. D. Marshall, R. J. Williams, N. Jovanovic, M. J. Steel and M. J. Withford, “Point-by-point written fiber-Bragg gratings and their application in complex grating designs,” Optics Express, vol. 18, no. 19, pp. 19844-19859, 2010.

[9] R. J. Williams, C. Voigtlander, G. D. Marshall, A. Tünnermann, S. Nolte, M. J. Steel, et al., “Point-by-point inscription of apodized fiber Bragg gratings,” Optics Letters, vol. 36, no. 15, pp. 2988-2990, 2011.

[10] K. O. Hill, B. Malo, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, and J. Albert, “Bragg gratings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 1035-1037, 1993.

[11] D. Z. Anderson, V. Mizrahi, T. Erdogan, and A. E. White, “Production of in-fiber gratings using a diffractive optical-element,” Electronics Letters, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 566-568, 1993.

[12] J. Martin and F. Ouellette, “Novel writing technique of long and highly reflective in-fiber gratings,” Electronics Letters, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 811-812, 1994.

[13] B. Malo, D. C. Johnson, F. Bilodeau, J. Albert, and K. O. Hill, “Single-excimer-pulse writing of fiber gratings by use of a zero-order nulled phase mask: grating spectral response and visualization of index perturbations,” Optics Letters, vol. 18, no. 15, pp. 1277-1279, 1993.

[14] Qin Zhang, D. A. Brown, L. Reinhart, T. F. Morse, J. Q. Wang, and G. Xiao, “Tuning Bragg wavelength by writing gratings on prestrained fibers,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 839-841, 1994.

[15] M. Matsuhara and K. O. Hill, “Optical waveguide band-rejection filters-design,” Applied Optics, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 2886-2888, 1974.

[16] K. Tanaka, K. Sakamoto, T. Tanaka, and M. Taguchi, “Apodization for Gaussian-beam incidence-numerical examination,” Optics Communications, vol. 115, no. 1-2, pp. 29-34, 1995.

[17] B. Malo, S. Theriault, D. C. Johnson, F. Bilodeau, J. Albert, and K. O. Hill, “Apodised in-fiber Bragg gGrating reflectors photoimprinted using a phase mask,” Electronics Letters, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 223-225, 1995.

[18] J. Albert, K. O. Hill, B. Malo, S. Theriault, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, et al., “Apodization of the spectral response of fiber Bragg gratings using a phase mask with variable diffraction efficiency,” Electronics Letters, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 222-223, 1995.

[19] P. Y. Cortes, F. Ouellette, and S. LaRochelle, “Intrinsic apodisation of Bragg gratings written using UV-pulse interferometry,” Electronics Letters, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 396-397, 1998.

[20] J. Albert, K. O. Hill, D. C. Johnson, F. Bilodeau, and M. J. Rooks, “Moire phase masks for automatic pure apodisation of fiber Bragg gratings,” Electronics Letters, vol. 32, no. 24, pp. 2260-2261, 1996.

[21] R. Kashyap, A. Swanton, and D. J. Armes, “Simple technique for apodising chirped and unchirped fiber Bragg gratings,” Electronics Letters, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 1226-1228, 1996.

[22] M. J. Cole, W. H. Loh, R. I. Laming, M. N. Zervas, and S. Barcelos, “Moving fiber/phase mask-scanning beam technique for enhanced flexibility in producing fiber gratings with uniform phase mask,” Electronics Letters, vol. 31, no. 17, pp. 1488-1490, 1995.

[23] W. H. Loh, M. J. Cole, M. N. Zervas, S. Barcelos, and R. I. Laming, “Complex grating structures with uniform phase masks based on the moving fiber-scanning beam technique,” Optics Letters, vol. 20, no. 20, pp. 2051-2053, 1995.

[24] H. Hosono, Y. Abe, D. L. Kinser, R. A. Weeks, K. Muta, and H. Kawazoe, “Nature and origin of the 5-eV Band in SiO2:GeO2 Glasses,” Physics Review B, vol. 46, no. 18, pp. 11445-11451, 1995.

[25] D. P. Hand and P. S. J. Russel, “Photoinduced refractive-index changes in germanosilicate fibers,” Optics Letters, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 102-104, 1990.

[26] M. Kristensen, “Ultraviolet-light-induced processes in germanium-doped silica,” Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), vol. 64, no. 14, pp. 4201-4212, 2001.

[27] T. Erdogan, “Fiber grating spectra,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1277-1294, 1997.

[28] H. N. Rourke, S. R. Baker, K. C. Byron, R. S. Baulcomb, S. M. Ojha, and S. Clements, “Fabrication and characterisation of long, narrowband fiber gratings by phase mask scanning,” Electronics Letters, vol. 30, no. 16, pp. 1341-1342, 1994.

[29] A. W. Snyder and J. D. Love, Optical Waveguide Theory, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 1983.

[30] J. Skaar and K. M. Risvik, “A genetic algorithm for the inverse problem in synthesis of fiber gratings,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1928-1932, 1998.

[31] G. Cormier, R. Boudreau, and S. Thériault, “Real-coded genetic algorithm for Bragg grating parameter synthesis,” Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1771-1776, 2001.

[32] R. Feced, M. N. Zervas, and M. A. Muriel, “An efficient inverse scattering algorithm for the design of nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1105-1115, 1999.

[33] L. Poladian, “Simple grating synthesis algorithm,” Optics Letters, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 787-789, 2000.

[34] J. Skaar, L. Wang, and T. Erdogan, “On the synthesis of fiber Bragg gratings by layer peeling,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 165-173, 2001.

[35] S. Kieckbusch, C. Knothe, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Fast and accurate characterization of fiber Bragg gratings with high spatial and spectral resolution,” presented at Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Atlanta, USA (paper WL2), March 23, 2003.

[36] D. Derickson, Fiber Optic Test and Measurement. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.

[37] B. J. Eggleton, P. A. Krug, L. Poladian, and F. Ouellette, “Long periodic superstructure Bragg gratings in optical fibers,” Electronics Letters, vol. 30, no. 19, pp. 1620-1622, 1994.

[38] Y. Nasu and S. Yamashita, “Multiple phase-shift superstructure fiber Bragg grating for DWDM systems,” Electronics Letters, vol. 37, no. 24, pp. 1471-1472, 2001.